Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Caloric requirement
|
Premies = 110-120 kcal/kg/day
Term infants = 100-110 kcal/kg/day 1 y/o = 1000 kcal/day + 1 yr = + 100 kcal |
|
Shock in different ages
|
Systolic BP of:
1 mo-1 yr = <70mm 1-10 yrs = <70 mm + (2xage) >10 yrs = <90 mm |
|
Delayed capillary refill
|
is >2 seconds
indicates poor skin perfusion |
|
doughy skin indicates
|
hypertonic deydration
("salty bread") |
|
seizures when Na+<
|
120
|
|
best signs of dehydration (4)
|
1 - wt loss
2 - lethargy 3 - skin turgor 4 - dryness of mucous membranes (palpated) |
|
Rehydration: replacement fluids
|
body wt (kg) x (% dehydration) x 10
|
|
Maintenance fluids
|
100 ml/kg/24h for first 10 kg
50 ml/kg/24h for 2nd 10 kg 20 ml/kg/24h for 3rd 10 kg 20 ml/kg/24h for 4th 10 kg 10 ml/kg/24h for 5th 10 kg 10 ml/kg/24h for 6th 10 kg |
|
Normal urine output for child (& oligouria)
|
1-2mL/kg/h
(0.5) |
|
how fast to give fluids?
|
1 - hypertonic dehydration
-give evenly over 24h to avoid cerebral edema 2 - iso and hypotonic " -1/2 replacement in 1st 8h, rest in next 16h |
|
Breast fed babies have __ glucose levels than bottle-fed
|
lower
(but suffer no damage b/c more ketones) |
|
Hypoglycemia values
|
AGE HYPOGLYCEMIA
whole blood glu plasma glu </=24h </=40 </= 45 24-72h </=45 </= 50 >72h </=55 </=60 |
|
Keep umbilical arterial PaO2 at
|
60-80 mmHg
|
|
Metabolic acidosis
|
4.2% sodium bicarbonate at 4 mL/kg at 1 mEq/kg/min
|
|
Correct low BP with
|
-NS
-Ringer's lactate -whole blood |
|
Hypocalcemia in infants
|
<8.0 in term or <7.0 in premie (mg/dL)
Often asymp -may cause jitters, twitching, convulsions -Chvostek sign and Trousseau sign rare in neonates Give Ca++ glutonate 2 mL/kg IV |
|
DO NOT mix Ca++ glutonate w/
|
sodium bicarbonate
|
|
ABG in septic shock
|
pH pO2 pCO2 BE
low N low low |
|
anion gap
|
( [Na+] ) − ( [Cl−]+[HCO3−] )
Normal = 8-16 |
|
Tx for acute SIADH
|
restrict fluids
|
|
Electrolyte consequences of vomiting
|
lose H+ -->pH up --> want to retain in kidneys --> use exchanger -->lose Na+
now: low Na+, N K+, N pH |
|
Hypokalemia causes
|
-flattened T wave
--> can have pulseless VT, torsades de pointes |
|
hyperkalemia causes
|
nausea, fatigue, muscle weakness
peaked T waves, prolonged QRS tx: Ca++ chloride IV, insulin w/glu, NaHCO3,loop diuretics |
|
serum osmoloality formula
|
Na++x2 + (BUN//3 + glu/18)
|