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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Breastfeeding produces what?
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protective bacteriophagic elements such as macrophages and (IgA)
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Breastfeeding is protective against what?
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E.coli
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What are some contraindications to breastfeeding?
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-inverted nipples
-mastitis -severe fissuring or cracking of the nipples -drugs |
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For the first 2-3 days post partum, what is secreted?
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colostrum
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Breast feeding occurs q how many hours?
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q 2-3 hrs
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The first feeding usually last how long?
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5-10 minutes, 5 minutes each breast
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It is important that each feeding start on which breast?
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the one that was last nursed
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Breast feeding is usually well established by when?
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end of first month
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Breast feeding is usually q _____ hrs, lasts ______ minutes, but majority of milk is consumed in first _____ minutes
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-3 hours
-30 minutes -15 minutes |
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What are the principle proteins in formulas?
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whey and casein
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Formula feeding could trigger what?
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allergic response
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In general, new infants are fed q ________ hours and take in ______ oz.
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-3-4 hours
-2-4 oz |
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Third week of life on, feeding increases to what?
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about 4-5 oz every 4 hrs
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At 5-6 months what can be added?
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solid foods
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After the first year of life what is a general meal plan like?
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3 meals and 2 snacks
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What should not be limited before 2 years of life?
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fat and cholesterol
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Fluid and lyte replacement is usually increased after what surgery and decreased after what surgery?
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-abdominal sx needs more than maintenance
-CNS sx needs less than maintenance |
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Major components of maintenance fluid therapy are for what?
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-insensible fluid losses and urine output
-45mL of water are lost for q 100kcal of energy metabolized/day -urine: 50mL per 100cal |
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What are the MCC of dehydration?
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viral and bacterial infections of the GI tract
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Dehydration may have abnormalities in serum or plasma osmolality wusually resulting from what?
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hyponatremia or hypernatremia
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Why type of dehydration is characterized by more lyte loss than proportional water loss?
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hyponatremic dehydration
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In hypernatremic dehydration intravascular volume is what?
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well maintained
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Hypernatremic dehydration usually shows what?
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fewer clinical signs of dehydration and skin has doughy feel
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____ rehydration of infants and children with diarrhea hypernatremic dehydration
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slow
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Do you need a slower or faster correction of bicarb deficit?
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slower
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Significant vomiting may have _______ metabololic alkalsos.
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hypochloremic
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Cardiac arrythmias are much greater with ______ serum K
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elevated
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What is the MCC of oliguria?
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volume deficit often secondary to dehydration
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Improvement of perfusion includes what symptoms?
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-cap refill improvement
-decreased brachial pulse -increased BP |
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Oliguria with 3 boluses may suggest what?
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instrinsic renal failure
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What is affected in hypercatabolic or nutrional deficiency states?
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BUN
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What is the most sensitve parameter of renal function in dehydration?
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FENA
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In pre-renal failure, what is increased and what is decreased?
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-SG and osmolality are both elevated
-urine Na and FENA are low |
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What happens in phase 1 of parentral therapy?
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restoration of the circulating intravascular volume
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Children in shock should not receive what?
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inotropic agents unless resotration of the IC volume fails to improve cardiac output
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What happens in phase 2 of rehydration?
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maintenance, which all children need
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A body weight that decreases by 1kg from diarrheal fluid loss requires how much fluid replacement?
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1L
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Why must you NOT give more than 10-15 mEq/day of Na to a patient?
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to avoid neurological complications such as seizure and pontine demyelination
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Children with diarrheal dehydration and hyperNa have lost what?
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both water and sodium from the body
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What are some sensitive parameters that indicate the need to be rehydrated?
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-skin tugor
-dry oral mucosa -sunken eyeballs -altered mental status |
