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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what does AIDS result from?
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HIV attaching the helper T cells
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when is AIDS diagnosed?
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when an HIV infected immune syst is severely compromised or the pt becomes ill with an oppurtunistic infx
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in the absence of tx, AIDS develops ____ after initial HIV infx?
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8-10 years
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what is vertical transimission of HIV mean?
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that HIV was passed from infx mother to her newborn (think vertical as childbirth
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most cases of HIV occur (vertically or horizotally) for children
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vertically (perinatally
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in terms of vertical transmission, what are ways babies can get HIV? (3)
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1. in utero
2. intrapartum 3. breast-feeding (don't allow them to breastfeed) |
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what has decreased the transmission of HIV vertically (perinatally)? (3)
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1. use of zidovudine
2. c-section 3. no breast feeding |
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what is horizontal transmission from? (2)
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1. unsafe sex
2. IV drug use |
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what age is horizontal transmission common in?
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adolescents
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why is AIDS decreasing?
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1. universal counseling
2. volutary testing of pregnant women 3. use of antiretrovirals for pregnant women and newborns 4. effective tx of hiv which slows progression 5. use of prophylaxics to prevent aids |
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what states are at highest risk for AIDS? (top 4)
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1. ny
2. florida 3. cali 4. georgia |
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at what age is children at highest risk of getting AIDS?
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newborn 0-5 months, cases more or less decrease as the child gets older
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chances of a 12 and younger kidliving with a person with HIV or AIDs person is lowest in what states of US? name 2
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1. hawaii
2. montana |
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what is the most common organism with AIDs?
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pneumocysitits jirovecii
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what race is most affected by HIV? what gender
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black, males
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peak incidence of HIV/AIDs is at what age?
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35-44 (middle age)
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where parts of US has the most cases of HIV/AIDs
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lower areas of the U.S. as well as
ny, puerto rico, virgin island |
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Cases of AIDS is increasing or decreasing in hawaii?
at what age is most at risk in Hawaii? |
increasing
adults and teens most at risk |
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T/F more people become infected with HIV then die from disease?
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T, more people are living with the disease
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results of HIV statistic indicate what 2 things?
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1. we need to test, care, and prevent MORE people b/c of higher incidence
2. we need to educate unaffected people |
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what are the 3 main groups of children affected with HIV?
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1. infants (vertical transmission)
2. teens (horizontal=sex/drugs) 3. all children from contaminated blood |
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WHAT ARE KEY CAUSES OF AIDS IN CHILDREN? (4)
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1. contaminated blood products
2. infected mother 3. sexual contact with infected partner 4. IV drug use |
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what is happening pathophysiologically in HIV? what is the key thing that allow HIV infx?
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HIV attacks T-cells that have CD4 antigen
-CD4 is the nice antigen that allow HIV to go into their house |
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the HIV infx may cause what to happen pathophysiologically?
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may kill CD4, immune cells (helper T-cells which tells b cells to make more antibodies), neuroglial cells
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what are some complications of AIDS? (4)
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think NO PR
1. neoplasm 2. organ specific sydrome (like end stage renal disease) 3. premalignant disease 4. repeated oppurtunistic infx |
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can AIDS cause end stage renal disease?
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yes
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HIV manifestes later in life? when does HIV manifest by?
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18-24 mnths of age
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children diagnosed with AIDs in their 1st year of life: what is the prognosis?
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children who got AIDS in 1st year of life WILL HAVE SHORTER LIFE EXPECTANCY
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what s/s might you see in AIDs kid? (6)
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think NMFBRW "no more f'in but really want"
1. night sweats 2. mononucleosis-like prodomal 3. failure to thrive 4. behav changes 5. recurring diarrhea 6. wt loss |
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what are some diagnostics for AIDS? (4)
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1. test CD4 and T-cell count
2. elisa/western blot 3. viral culture 4. p24 antigen |
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low CD4 or T cell count may indicate? what will it tell you?
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may indicate hiv infx AND HOW IMMUNOCOMPROMISED YOU ARE
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what are 2 screening test of HIV antibodies?
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1. elisa
2. western blot |
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p24 or viral culture amy be used for children how old?
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younger than 18 months
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name 4 goals of HIV pt?
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1. slow growth of HIV
2. promote normal growth and development 3. prevent infx 4. prevent cancer |
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what are nursing/med care for managing AIDS? (6)
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1. blood administration as needed
2. lab studies 3. high calorie, small freq meals 4. IV fluids 5. nutritional supplement 6. drugs |
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what kind of diet should AID pt be on?
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high calorie, small freq meals
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what kind of drug therapy are AIDS pt on? (4)
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1. abx (prophylaxtic/ or present)
2 antivirals 3. monthly IVIG (gamma globin which contain antibodies) 4. vaccine (just not living ones) |
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what kind of vaccine is not recommended for HIV affected kids?
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no live vaccine ( no rubella or flu vaccine
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why would you give prophylaxtic abx for an AIDS pt? what kind of abx?
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to preven pneumoncysitsi
bactrim |
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what is important to teach? what to teach? (4)
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teach about PREVENTION
1. routes of infx 2. hazards of IV 3. safe sex 4. counseling hi risk |
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what are the nursing roles in the care of a HIV affected kid? (4)
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1. educator
2. direct care provider 3. case manageer 4. advocate |
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what are some psychological concerns for a HIV affected child? (5)
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1. whether to tell kid
2. custody plans 3. anticipating loss 4. teaching HIV affected mothers how to take care of herself 5. support therapy |
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what are some support therapy that can be used for HIV affected child? (2)
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1. art therapy
2. child life program |
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Do parents have the right to inform/not inform the school or any setting they go in that their child has HIV?
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yes
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what are key interventions in AIDS? (4)
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1. encourage fluid intake
2. maintain standard precautions 3. adminster meds as ordered 4. teach infx control |
