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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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inguinal hernia: pathophysiology
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- abnormal persistence of tube of peritoneum into scrotum
- hernial sac not noticeable till 2-3 months |
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inguinal hernia: CM
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- asymptomatic till contents forced to hernial sac
- palpable bulge most noticeable with cry, vasalva - may disappear @ rest or if reduced - intestine may become partially obstructed |
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hydrocele
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- fluid in processus vaginalis
- palpable bulge at scrotal sac - can not be reduced |
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hydrocele: management/nursing
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- surgery if no spontaneous resolution after 1 year
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phimosis
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- narrowing of opening of foreskin preventing retracting of foreskin over glans penis
- resolves as child grows - if severe can be treated with circumcision |
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cryptorchidism
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failure of one or both testes in descend
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cryptorchidism: Dx
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- differentiate btw retractile and true undescended testicles
- ultrasound, CT, MRI to confirm presence of testes |
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cryptorchidism: Tx
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orchiopexy btw 1 and 2 years
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cryptorchidism: nursing
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- p/o prevention of infection
- counsel family |
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hypospadias
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urethral opening located below the glans penis or anywhere along ventral surface
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hypospadias: surgery
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- 6-18 mos
- relocate meatus |
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toilet training
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- physical control 8-24 mos
- psychologically ready 18-36 mos - follow childs lead - praise for using toilet - do not force sitting for long periods, do not punish for accidents |
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toilet training: signs of readiness
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- dry diapers after napping
- aware of wet or soiled diaper - desire to learn - interest in sitting on toilet or potty chair - ability to undress self |
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toilet training: problems
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- starting too early
- pushing child into toilet training - punishing child for accidents - lowering childs self esteem - create negative cycle of control |
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toilet training: child's response
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- longer training time
- control battle w/parent - stool holding, constipation, lower self esteem |
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UTI
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- most common GU disease
- females > males - 2-6 yo peak incidence |
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UTI: predisposing factors
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- urinary stasis
- anatomic obstruction - antimicrobials - catheters - poor hygiene - bubble baths - inadequate fluid intake |
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UTI: CM
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- incontinence
- foul smelling urine - dysuria - ab pain |
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UTI: Dx
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- WBC in urine
- nitrates in urine |
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UTI: nursing management
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- prevention, education (girls front to back)
- increase fluid intake |
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enuresis
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- primary bed wetting in child who has never been dry
- secondary onset after a period of continence - nocturnal nighttime; most common - diurinal daytime |
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nephrotic syndrome
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damage to glomerulous and characterized by protenuria, edama, and hyperlipidemia
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nephrotic syndrome: CM
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- viral infection
- weight gain - oliguria, dark frothy urine - lethargy, irritability |
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nephrotic syndrome: Dx
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edema, marked protenuria, hypoalbuminermia, hypercholesterolemia
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nephrotic syndrome: management
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- decrease protein secretion, prevent infection, control edema, maintain nutritional status
- ** salt restriction |
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nephrotic syndrom: medications
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corticosteroids, immunosuppressant, diuretics, albumin, antibiotics
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acute glomerulonephritis: s/s
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- tea colored urin, dysuria
- anorexia - periorbital edema - headaches, abdominal pain - elevated BP |
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acute glomerulonephritis: Dx
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- normal electrolytes
- UA: elevated RBC, protein, spec gravity, WBC - BUN and Cr elevated - positive throat culture |
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acute glomerulonephritis: Tx
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- bed rest, daily weights
- water and sodium restriction - occasional diuretics, anthihypertensives - corticosteroids - antibiotics |
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acute glomerulonephritis: nursing
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- VS, I and O, daily weights
- seizure precautions (emergency equipment, padded rails, no pillow, code sheet, continual monitoring) - salt, water restriction |
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PID
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infection in lower and upper GU tract, asymptomatic
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PID: s/s
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- asymptomatic
- irregular bleeding - vaginal discharge - n/v, fever |
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PID: Dx
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gold standard: laparoscopy
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