Peds Final: Gi Conditions In Children

Front 1

GI dysfunction: CM

Back 1

- failure to thrive
- regurgitation
- n/v, diarrhea
- ab pain, distension, GI bleeding
- jaundice
- dysphagia

Front 2

formulas

Back 2

- supplies all nutrients needed by the infant for the first 6 months
- cow milk is not acceptable

Front 3

solid foods

Back 3

- not recommended before 4-6 mos
- fruit juices not require in the first 6 mos
- no honey in first 12 mos b/c of risk of botulism

Front 4

the first 6 months

Back 4

- bottle fed infants should consume iron fortified formula
- all infants need 200 IU vitamin D in the first 2 months to prevent rickets

Front 5

the second 6 months

Back 5

- human milk/formuls still primary nutrition
- iron fortified formula if not being breast fed
- tooth eruption beinning and facilitates biting and chewing

Front 6

cereal

Back 6

- iron fortified ceral
- can be mixed w/breast milk/formula
- after 6 mos., can be mixed w/fruit juice
- infant cereals can be continued until 18 mos

Front 7

constipation

Back 7

- infancy: d/t poor diet
- childhood: d/t envrionmental change or control over body function
- newborn: first meconium passed 24-36 hours

Front 8

cleft lip & palate: incidence & etiology

Back 8

- boys > girls
- maternal smoking and ETOH, maternal folic acid deficiency

Front 9

cleft lip & palate: management

Back 9

- constant swallowing indicates bleeding
- feeding issues
- surgical correction: good nutrition, no infection, may need restraints, posiiton on back. rule of 10. 10w, hgb 10, 10 lbs.

Front 10

cleft lip & palate: complications

Back 10

- bonding issues
- nutritional deficit
- aspiration
- speech problems
- ear infections

Front 11

pyloric stenosis: s/s

Back 11

- **projectile vomiting
- ** olive shaped mass in upper RQ

Front 12

pyloric stenosis: management

Back 12

pyloromyotomy

Front 13

intussusception: s/s

Back 13

- **currant jelly stool
- **intermittent cramping
- sudden onset of ab pain, cramping, inconsolable crying
- emesis
- rectal bleeding

Front 14

intussusception: management

Back 14

- send parent home educated in case of re-occurance

Front 15

intussusception: complication

Back 15

-recurrence, parents need to know s/s
- adhesions if perforations

Front 16

hirschsprung's disease: pathophysiology

Back 16

absence of ganglion cells in distal portion of intestine.

Front 17

hirschsprung's disease: s/s

Back 17

- **large stools, ribbon like
- FTT
- constipation
- n/v, bloated feeling
- ab distention

Front 18

hirschsprung's disease: management

Back 18

- depends on age
- temp colostomy to relieve distention. resection of affected tissue
- pre op: well nourished, education for colostomy
- post op: NPO w/NG tube until bowel sounds return

Front 19

hirschsprung's disease: complications

Back 19

- anal stricture
- psychological d/t encopresis

Front 20

diarrhea: etiology

Back 20

- infection of GI, upper respiratory or urinary tract
- medications
- foods

Front 21

diarrhea: pathophysiology

Back 21

- secretory diarrhea: bacterial entertoxins stimulate secretion of fluids
- cytotoxic diarrhea: decreased absorption of fluid/electrolytes
- osmotic: fluid moves into intestine to dilute
- dysenteric: edema, infiltration, bleeding compromise ability to absort nutrients, electrolytes

Front 22

diarrhea: s/s

Back 22

- blood, mucosa, lquid
- dehydration and metabolic acidosis
- malnutrition if prolonged

Front 23

diarrhea: Tx

Back 23

- correct fluid/electrolyte imbalance, reestablish intake: oral rehydration first, IV fluids
- do not withhold foods

Front 24

oral rehydration therapy

Back 24

salt 3/4 tsp
baking powder 1 tsp
orange juice 1 cup
water 1 quart

Front 25

diarrhea: complications

Back 25

dehydration, metabolic acidosis, coma and death

Front 26

gastroesophageal reflux (GER)

Back 26

passive regurgitation of stomach contents

Front 27

GER: etiology

Back 27

genetic

Front 28

GER: pathophysiology

Back 28

gastric contents backup into esophagus, acidic content leads to inflammation of esophagus, loss of nutrients leads to malnutrition

Front 29

GER: #1 cause

Back 29

vomiting from overfeeding.
feed less but more often

Front 30

GER: s/s

Back 30

- regurgitation after eating
- irritability, choking, gagging
- abdominal pain
- resp: stridor, apnea

Front 31

GER: management

Back 31

- diet (thicken)
- positioning (elevate HOB, left side, prone OK while awake, supine when sleeping)
- antacids for temporary relief

Front 32

GER: complications

Back 32

- esophagitis
- aspiration
- FTT

Front 33

FTT

Back 33

inadequate growth d/t inadequate caloric intake or inability to utilize calories

Front 34

FTT: etiology

Back 34

- organic: secondary to physical abuse
- nonorganic: failure to feed

Front 35

FTT: management

Back 35

- reverse malnutrition, improve growth and development

Front 36

FTT: complications

Back 36

- delayed development
- large head -> malnourishment

Front 37

anorexia nervosa & bulimia: s/s

Back 37

- weight loss, active efforts to lose weight
- amenorrhea
- eroded tooth enamel
- anemia
- electrolyte change

Front 38

anorexia nervosa & bulimia: complications

Back 38

- GI
- growth
- osteoporosis
- can be fatal; secondary to cardiac arrhythnia, hypokalemia, CHF, or suicide

Front 39

obesity: complications

Back 39

- sleep apnea
- heart disease
- HTN
- DM type 2
- hyperlipidemia
- depression

Front 40

obesity: management

Back 40

- if child weighs less than s/he will in a year or so, should not lose weight, should slow growth
- family centered Tx
- increase activity level
- decrease high fat and high calorie foods
- bariatric surgery