Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
196 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Epiphyses of long bones remains cartilaginous until age ___.
|
20
|
|
|
Why are dislocations and sprains less common in children than adults?
|
because their bones are more pliable, more resilient
|
|
|
What noninvasive studies are performed for musculoskeletal issues?
|
radiographs, ultrasounds, blood studies:
ALP and CK |
|
|
This is an invasive study where a endoscope is inserted into a joint.
|
arthroscopy
|
|
|
This is the most common genetic bone disease. Characterized by connective tissue and bone defects. 4 types.
|
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
|
|
|
In Osteogenesis Imperfecta a biochemical defect causes a reduction in the synthesis of what?
|
collagen
|
|
|
All connective tissue is affected in OI, resulting in what?
|
lax joints and weak muscles, which leads to an increase in fractures wherever stress is placed on the bone
|
|
|
What are clinical manifestations of someone with OI?
|
frequent fractures, thin skin, hyper extensible ligaments, epistaxis, blue slcera, easy bruising, excess diaphoresis, mild hyperexia
|
|
|
Radiographs of someone with OI will demonstrate what?
|
callus formations at new fracture sites, generalized osteopenia, evidence of previous fractures, and skeletal deformities
|
|
|
What are some meds/supplements a child with OI will take?
|
Aredia, Vit D and Calcium
|
|
|
What are the three types of clubfoot?
|
midfoot turned down (equinus)
hindfoot is turned inward (varus) forefoot turned toward heel (adductus) |
|
|
How is clubfoot treated?
|
with serial casting shortly after birth
|
|
|
What type of contraption may be used on a child with club foot?
|
Dennis-Browne bar
|
|
|
What is developmental dysplasia of the hip?
|
subluxation, dislocation, or preluxation of the hip
|
|
|
What may cause developmental dysplasia of the hip?
|
effect of maternal estrogen on the fetus, causing relaxation of the ligaments, hip and leg positioning in utero, or genetic factors
|
|
|
What is Ortolani's sign?
|
a click heard on abduction, indicates developmental dysplasia of the hip
|
|
|
What is Barlow's sign?
|
click heard on adduction of the hip, indicates ddh
|
|
|
How will a newborn to 6 months be treated for DDH?
|
Pavlik harness
|
|
|
Infants, 6 to 18 months will be treated for DDH how?
|
Bryant Traction followed by closed reduction with cast immobilization or open reduction followed by a spica cast
|
|
|
What are common fracture sites in children?
|
clavicle, humerus, radius and ulna, femur, epiphyseal plates
|
|
|
What types of fractures are most commonly seen in children?
|
bend, buckle, greenstick, closed, open, commuted, displaced
|
|
|
What is a segmental fracture?
|
the bone is broken in two or more places inthe same bone
|
|
|
clinical manifestation of a fracture?
|
deformity, swelling, bruising, muscle spasm, tenderness, pain, impaired sensation, loss of function, abnormal mobility, crepitus, shock or refusal to walk
|
|
|
What are possible complications of fractures?
|
circulatory impairment, nerve compression syndromes, compartment syndrome, infection, renal calculi, pulmonary emboli
|
|
|
What may cause scoliosis?
|
leg-length discrepancy, hip or knee contractures, pain, neuromuscular disorders, or congenital malformations
|
|
|
What may eventually develop if scoliosis is not treated?
|
pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, and respiratory acidosis
|
|
|
What are the two most commonly used braces in scoliosis?
|
The Boston Brace and the TLSO brace
|
|
|
In relation to respiratory assessment, what is different about the A&P of pediatric patients?
|
larger tongue, trachea is shorter with a smaller diameter, tracheal cartilage and larynx are more pliable, airway is narrower
|
|
|
Pediatric patients have fewer ___, which puts them at increased susceptibility to infection and distress
|
alveoli
|
|
|
Pediatric patients use the ___ for breathing and have ___ when in distress.
|
diaphragm, retractions
|
|
|
This is an abnormal breath sound heard when listening to the chest as a person breathes. They are continuous, musical sounding, and usually caused by airway obstruction from swelling or secretions.
|
wheeze
|
|
|
This is a high-pitched harsh sound heard during inspiration. It is caused by obstruction of the upper airway.
|
stridor
|
|
|
These are abnormal breath sounds when listening to the chest. May include crackles, rales, rhonchi, wheezes, etc
|
adventitious breath sounds
|
|
|
An adventitious breath sound heard when auscultating the chest, produced by air passing over airway secretions
|
crackles
|
|
|
When inspecting the chest, what are you looking for?
|
Any skin lesions, asymmetry, or chest wall deformities
|
|
|
What causes a grunting sounds in pediatric patients?
|
Early closure of the glottis
|
|
|
What noninvasive tests may be performed for respiratory infections?
|
chest x-ray, pulse ox, pulmonary function tests, peak flow, ekg, cultues
|
|
|
What invasive tests may be performed for respiratory infections?
|
blood gas analysis, bronchoscopy, CT scan, MRI
|
|
|
This is a "common cold," URI, caused by a virus (RSV, rhinovirus, influenza)
|
nasopharyngitis
|
|
|
What clinical manifestations may be seen with nasopharyngitis?
|
low-grade fever, nasal congestion, watery eyes, sore throat, fever, malaise, and difficulty breathing
|
|
|
What nursing care is involved with nasopharyngitis?
|
saline drops and bulb syringe to keep nose patent in infant, tissues for older children, hand-washing, teach covering the mouth and teach parents about preventing URI
|
|
|
This is inflammation of the pharynx and tonsils; 85-90% is viral, 20-40% caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS), "strep throat"
|
pharyngitis
|
|
|
How is GABHS diagnosed?
|
throat culture
|
|
|
What are clinical manifestations of pharyngitis?
|
sore throat, headache, fever, abdominal pain
|
|
|
What are complications of GABHS?
|
rheumatic fever or acute glomerulonephritis
|
|
|
What are the clinical manifestations of tonsillitis?
|
severe pain, inflammation and edema of the throat and tonsillar area, difficulty swallowing and breathing, stuffy nose, snoring, cough, hoarseness
|
|
|
When might a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy be performed?
|
child has had 3 or more infections in a year, or if enlargement interferes with breathing or swallowing
|
|
|
What may cause otitis media?
|
Eustachian tube size and position, allergies, URI, enlarged adenoids
|
|
|
What clinical manifestations will be seen in an older child with OM?
|
pain, fever, irritability, pull or rub ear, decreased appetite, nasal congestion, cough, purulent drainage, lethargy, diarrhea, dizziness, vomiting
|
|
|
What diseases are considered Croup syndromes?
|
acute epiglottis, acute laryngitis, and acute laryngotracheobronchitis
|
|
|
What is acute epiglottis?
|
acute severe inflammation of the epiglottis; rapid onset with rapid progression to respiratory distress; medical emergency!
|
|
|
What organism causes acute epiglottis?
|
Haemophalus influenae Type B
|
|
|
What are the cardinal signs of acute epiglottis?
|
drooling, distress with inspiratory stridor, dysphagia, dysphonia, tripod posture
|
|
|
Direct examination reveals what in acute epiglottis?
|
a cherry red epiglottis
|
|
|
How is acute epiglottis managed?
|
PICU, endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy, antibiotics, steroids, NPO, cool mist, IV therapy
|
|
|
What are the clinical manifestations of acute laryngitis?
|
hoarseness, URI symptoms
|
|
|
What is acute laryngotracheobronchitis?
|
inflammation of the larynx and trachea; the most common croup syndrome in children under 5 years of age
|
|
|
What are the s&s of acute laryngotracheobronchitis?
|
inspiratory stridor, low grade fever, barky cough, possibly respiratory distress
|
|
|
What is bronchitis and what usually preceeds it?
|
inflammation of the trachea and bronchi; a URI
|
|
|
What usually causes bronchitis? (what organism)
|
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
|
|
|
What are the clinical manifestations of bronchitis?
|
non-productive cough, worse at night, becomes productive within 3 days
|
|
|
What organism causes 90% of bronchiolitis cases?
|
RSV
|
|
|
What are the clinical manifestations of bronchiolitis?
|
rhinorrhea, sneezing, coughing, fever, irritability, feeding problems, grunting, nasal flaring, wheezing, retractions, cyanosis
|
|
|
What is done for bronchiolitis?
|
symptomatic management--cool mist humidifier or if hospitalized--tent, O2, nebulizer treatments with bronchodilators, IV therapy, steroids
|
|
|
In severe cases of RSV what drug may be given?
|
Ribavirin
|
|
|
How can bronchiolitis be prevented?
|
RSV immunoglobin given prior to RSV season and Monoclonal antibody IM injection monthly
|
|
|
This is inflammation of the parenchyma -- tissue of the lung.
|
pneumonia
|
|
|
What are the types of pneumonia?
|
lobar-lung lobe or lobes
broncho-bronchioles interstitial-alveoli |
|
|
What are the clinical manifestations of viral pneumonia?
|
low-grade or high fever, cough (productive or nonproductive), and malaise, loss of appetite
|
|
|
How is viral pneumonia diagnosed?
|
PA, chest x-ray, CBC
|
|
|
What are the most common causative organisms of bacterial pneumonia?
|
streptococcus pneumoniae, or staphylococcus aureus
|
|
|
What are clinical manifestations of bacterial pneumonia?
|
"look very sick," high fever, cough, increased respiratory rate, congestion, crackles, wheezing, chest pain, irritability, lethargy, n/v, diarrhea, and symptoms of repiratory distress
|
|
|
What are complications of bacterial pneumonia?
|
pleural effusion, empyema, pnemothorax
|
|
|
What age group is most at risk for foreign body aspiration?
|
1 to 3 years
|
|
|
What complications are caused by foreign body aspiration?
|
repiratory insufficiency and pneumonia
|
|
|
If abdominal thrusts don't remove a foreign body, what is the next approach?
|
endoscopy or bronchoscopy
|
|
|
What types of injuries can occur in children due to smoke inhalation?
|
heat, chemical, or systemic
|
|
|
Passive smoke inhalation increases children's risks for what?
|
respiratory illnesses and asthma
|
|
|
This is chronic, reversible, obstructive, inflammatory disease of the lungs
|
Asthma
|
|
|
What causes an asthma attack?
|
A "trigger" or irritant produces hyper-reactive airway response.
|
|
|
What are the manifestations of asthma?
|
bronchospasm, inflammation, increased airway responsiveness, and excessive mucous production
|
|
|
What three events occur in an asthma attack?
|
1. bronchial spasm
2. inflammation and edema of the mucosa 3. production of thick mucus |
|
|
These asthma medications work by relaxing smooth muscles of the bronchi, dialating the airway; examples include ___, terbutaline, salmeterol provenil, and ventolin
|
Beta adrenergic agonists
albuterol |
|
|
Corticosteroids reduce inflammation in asthma. Name some.
|
prednisone, prelone, flovent, pulmocort
|
|
|
Mast cell stabilizers are used in asthma to prevent mast cells from causing inflammation; name one example.
|
cromolyn sodium
|
|
|
Mehylxathines are stimulants used in asthma treatment. They are not acutely helpful. Name an example.
|
Theophylline
|
|
|
These asthma meds block the inflammatory effects of leukotrines that are released from the mast cells; name an example.
|
Leukotrine modifiers
singulair |
|
|
This is the most common cause of chronic lung disease in children. It is a chronic multi-system disease of the exocrine glands.
|
Cystic fibrosis
|
|
|
What is the pathophysiology in cystic fibrosis?
|
obstruction caused by amount and viscosity of the gland secretions and pancreatic enzyme deficiency causes changes in the respiratory, GI, and reproductive systems.
|
|
|
What chem levels are seen 2-5X higher in the sweat of children with cystic fibrosis?
|
Na and Cl
|
|
|
What is the gold standard for diagnosing cystic fibrosis?
|
sweat chloride test
|
|
|
What are the symptoms of CF in the respiratory tract?
|
thick tenacious mucous, persistent cough, exercise intolerance, chronic respiratory infections, barrel chest, crackles and wheezes, clubbing of the fingers
|
|
|
What are the GI manifestations of CF?
|
meconium ileus in newborns, bowel obstruction, disease in pancreatic enzymes, mal-absorption of food resulting in steatorrhea, vitamin deficiency
|
|
|
What are the CV manifestations of CF?
|
cor pulmonale, right sided heart failure and enlargment
|
|
|
What are misc. signs of CF?
|
FTT, glucose intolerance, esphageal varices, rectal prolapse
|
|
|
How are GI problems of CF managed?
|
replacement of pancreatic enzymes, well-balanced, high protein, high-calorie diet, and MVIs
|
|
|
What are clinical manifestations of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia?
|
cyanosis when breathing RA, tachypnea, grunting, nasal flaring, wheezing, copious secretions
|
|
|
What is the best indicator of BPD?
|
chest x-ray shows characteristic streakiness with areas of hyperinflation and atelectasis
|
|
|
Why might diuretics be prescribed in an infant with BPD?
|
treat CHF or cor pulmonale
|
|
|
What vaccine should be administed to an infant with BPD?
|
RSV immune globulin (Respigam)
|
|
|
Abdominal pain starting mid-abdomen and moving to the right quadrant is indicative of what?
|
appendicitis
|
|
|
What are some s/s of ingestion of poisons?
|
loss of appetite, weight loss, sluggishness, abd pain, vomiting, constipation
|
|
|
This is when a newborn is born with the stomach outside
|
gastroschisis
|
|
|
This is when a child is born with the stomach protruding through the umbilical cord.
|
Omphalocele
|
|
|
What defines recurrent abdominal pain?
|
more than 3 episodes in 3 months, interferes with ADL
|
|
|
What should you do if a child's abdomen is rigid to cause them less pain?
|
bend knees up
|
|
|
Why are infants and very young children more susceptible to fluid and electrolyte imbalances?
|
Higher portion of water content and greater surface area; greater proportion of fluid in the extracellular spaces
|
|
|
Enzymes are deficient in the GI system until what age?
|
4 to 6 months
|
|
|
Abdominal distention from what, is common in infants?
|
gas
|
|
|
How big is an infants stomach? (how much fluid)
|
30 - 60 cc
|
|
|
What is the capacity of a newborns stomach?
|
10 cc
|
|
|
How big is a toddler's stomach?
|
can hold 500 cc
|
|
|
What is mild dehydration?
|
loss of up to 5% of preillness weight
|
|
|
What is moderate dehydration?
|
loss of 5 to 10% of pre-illness weight
|
|
|
What is severe dehydration?
|
loss of more than 10% of pre-illness weight
|
|
|
What are some possible causes of dehydration in children?
|
excessive vomiting and diarrhea, insufficient fluid intake, diabetic ketoacidosis, severe burns, prolonged high fever, hypervntilation
|
|
|
What electrolytes are effected in isotonic dehydration?
|
Na my decrease, chloride decreases, potassium may decrease
|
|
|
What is hypertonic dehydration?
|
when water loss exceeds electrolyte loss
|
|
|
Hypertonic dehydration leads to fluid shifts from the intracellular to the extracellular compartment, which can lead to what?
|
neurologic disturbances such as seizures
|
|
|
What electrolytes are affected in hypertonic dehydration?
|
Na increases, K varies, Cl increases
|
|
|
What may cause hypotonic dehydration?
|
Excessive perspiration, severe diarrhea, or administration of oral or IV fluids with electrolytes added
|
|
|
How are electrolytes affected in hypotonic dehydration?
|
Na decreases, Cl decreases, K varies
|
|
|
What is the urine specific gravity in someone with dehydration?
|
>1.030 and high osmolarity
|
|
|
What other lab values will be elevated in someone with dehydration?
|
hematocrit, BUN
|
|
|
Initial replacement of fluids consists of a bolus of isotonic electrolyte solution given at a rate of __ to __ ml/K; When is this contraindicated?
|
20-30
hypertonic dehydration (water intoxication may result) |
|
|
What organism commonly causes acute nonbacterial diarrhea?
|
rotavirus
|
|
|
Stool ph value under 6 and presence of reducing substances suggests...
|
carbohydrate malabsorption
|
|
|
When using 95% for BMI, what percentage of children are overweight?
|
20-33%
|
|
|
What complications might children with cleft lip / cleft palate have?
|
dental malformations, speech problems, frequent otitis media
|
|
|
A child with cleft palate will have what kind of cry?
|
nasal
|
|
|
What are the clinical manifestations of GER?
|
forceful vomiting, weight loss, aspiration and recurrent respiratory infections, cyanotic and apneic episdoes, heartburn
|
|
|
What feeding techniques are important for an infant with GER?
|
small frequent feedings, thickend formula, burp frequently
|
|
|
What meds may be given to a child with GER?
|
antacids (Tagamet, Zantac, Pepcid), Prilosec, Reglan (prokinetic med)
|
|
|
What are the clinical manifestations of pyloric stenosis?
|
projectile vomiting, no signs of anorexia, no evidence of pain, wt. loss, upper abd distention, visible peristaltic waves
|
|
|
What is pyloromyotomy?
|
creation of an incision along the anterior pylorus to split the muscle
|
|
|
This is a malabsoprtion syndrome that occurs when the mucosa of the proximal small intestine is sensitive to, or undergoes an immunologic response to, gluten
|
celiac disease
|
|
|
Intolerance for gluten results in the accumulation of the amino acid ___, which is toxic to intestinal mucosa
|
glutamine
|
|
|
Celiac crisis may lead to what?
|
electrolyte imbalances, rapid dehydration, and severe acidosis
|
|
|
When do symptoms of celiac disease typically appear?
|
1 to 5 years
|
|
|
what are the stools like in a child with celiac disease?
|
Diarrhea--frequently water, pale, and foul-smelling
|
|
|
What is the definite diagnosis of celiac disease?
|
biopsy of jejunem reveals flat mucosal surface with hyperplastic villous atrophy
|
|
|
What is Hirschsprung disease?
|
Congenital anomaly characterized by the absence of nerves to a section of the intestines
|
|
|
What happens in Hirschsprung disease?
|
lack of propulsive movements, causing accumulation of intestinal contents and distention of the bowel
|
|
|
Clinical manifestation of a newborn with Hirschsprung disease?
|
failure to pass meconium, reluctance to ingest fluids, abd. distention
|
|
|
Clinical manifestations of infants with Hirschsprung?
|
ftt, constipation, abd. distention, vomiting, diarrhea
|
|
|
What are the stools like in older children with Hirschsprung?
|
ribbon-like
|
|
|
What are the ominous signs signifying enterocolitis?
|
explosive, bloody diarrhea; fever, severe prostration
|
|
|
This is an invagination or telescoping of one portion of the intestine into an adjacent portion, causing obstruction
|
Intussusception
|
|
|
What are clinical manifestations of intussception?
|
severe paroxysmal abd pain, vomiting, distended abd., shock
|
|
|
What are the stools like in a child with intussusception?
|
"currant jelly" stools (blood and mucus)
|
|
|
What is the master gland of the endocrine system?
|
pituitary (anterior=puberty)
|
|
|
What are some assessment findings in someone with GH deficiency?
|
short stature, possibly obese, "cute" faces
|
|
|
What are side effects of GH?
|
increased blood glucose, increased incidence of slipped capital femoral epiphysis, pseudotumor
|
|
|
This is the development of sexual characteristics before the typical age of the onset of puberty
|
precocious puberty
|
|
|
Females w/ precocious puberty will have breast development before what age?
|
7.5 years
|
|
|
Males with precocious puberty will have pubic hair development before what age?
|
8.5 years
|
|
|
How is precocious puberty treated?
|
Gonadatropin-releasing hormone analog
|
|
|
What is the diagnostic test for DM?
|
fasting plasma glucose level equal to or greater than 126 on at least 2 occasions or random blood glucose level greater than 200
|
|
|
What are the acyanotic congenital defects of the heart?
|
patent ductus aerteriosus
artrial septal defect ventricular septal defect coarctation of the Aorta Aortic stenosis Pulmonic stenosis |
|
|
This results when the fetal ductus arteriosus fails to close completely after birth.
|
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
|
|
|
What is the patho in pantent ductus arteriosus?
|
blood flows from the aorta through the PDA and back to the pumonary artery and lungs -- leads to pulmonary vascular congestion
|
|
|
Which direction is the shunt in PDA?
|
left to right
|
|
|
What is an atrial septal defect?
|
abnormal communication between the two atria
|
|
|
In atrial septal defect, in which atrium is pressure higher, and which way is the shunt?
|
Pressure is higher in the left, causing blood to shunt from the left to the right.
|
|
|
This is an abnormal opening between the right and left ventricles.
|
Ventricular septal defect
|
|
|
What is the most common congenital heart disease?
|
ventricular septal defect
|
|
|
This is a defect that involves a localized narrowing of the aorta.
|
coarctation of the aorta
|
|
|
In COA, restricted blood flow through the aorta causes increased pressure on the ___ ventricle, causing hypertrophy and possibly failure.
|
left
|
|
|
What are clinical manifestations of coarctation of the aorta?
|
increased BP and bounding pulses in upper extremities; decreased BP and pulses in lower extremities; experience headache, epistaxis, leg pains, rib notching
|
|
|
What is one non-surgical repair option for COA?
|
balloon angioplasty
|
|
|
This is a defect that primarily involves an obstructionto the left ventricular outflow of the valve.
|
Aortic stenosis
|
|
|
What's the primary consequence of aortic stenosis?
|
left ventricular hypertrophy
|
|
|
This is a defect that involves obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle.
|
Pulmonic stenosis
|
|
|
What is the main complication of pumonic stenosis?
|
right ventricular hypertrophy and eventually failure
|
|
|
What congenital heart defects are cyanotic?
|
tetralogy of fallot, transposition of the great vessels, and truncus arteriosus
|
|
|
The Tetrology of Fallot consists of what four major anomalies?
|
VSD, right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonic stenosis, aorta overriding the VSD
|
|
|
What are the clinical manifestations of Tetralogy of Fallot?
|
acute episodes of cyanosis; "tet" spells consisting of irritability, pallor, and blackouts or convulsions; squatting occurs in older children
|
|
|
What occurs in transposition of the great vessels?
|
aorta and pulmonary arteries are reversed, creating 2 seperate systems with no communication
|
|
|
This is characterized by a large ventricular septal defect over which a large, single great vessel arises. This single vessels carries blood both to the body and to the lungs.
|
Truncus arteriosus
|
|
|
This is severe circulatory congestion due to decreased myocardial contractility, which results in the heart's inability to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's needs
|
CHF
|
|
|
What is the primary cuase of CHF in the first 3 years of life?
|
congenital heart defects
|
|
|
What are the assessment findings in a child with CHF?
|
poor feeding, wt. loss, developmental delays, irritability, pallor and cyanosis, dyspnea, tachypnea, mild cyanosis, tachycardia, possibly wt gain from edema, sweating
|
|
|
CBC of a child in CHF reveals what?
|
dilutional hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and hyperkalemia
|
|
|
What meds may be prescribed to a child in CHF?
|
digoxin, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, propanalol
|
|
|
What can the nurse do to reduce the cardiac demands of a child in CHF?
|
keep child warm, allow rest, do not allow feeding for more than 45 mins at a time, provide tube feeding
|
|
|
Rheumatic fever usually occurs 2 to 6 weeks after what?
|
an untreated URI with a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus
|
|
|
In Rheumatic Fever, a type of lesion called __ body forms on the heart valve causing edema and inflammation.
|
Aschoof's
|
|
|
What are the major clinical manifestations of RF?
|
carditis, polyarthritis, chorea, subcu nodules
|
|
|
Lab findings in a child with RF?
|
ESR elevated, CRP elevated, elevated WBCs
|
|
|
This is a mucocutaneous lymphnode syndrome; w/o treatment cardiac sequelae can develop and aneurysms form
|
Kawasaki Disease
|
|
|
Symptoms of Kawasaki disease?
|
conjunctival hyperemia, pharyngitis, swollen hands and feet, truncal rash, enlarged cervical nodes, diarrhea and hepatic dysfunction
|
|
|
What are common manifestations of acute myocardial infarction in children?
|
inconsolable crying, reslessness pallor, vomiting, abd. pain, and shock
|
|
|
Diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki Disease?
|
fever of more than 5 days, BL conjunctival congestion, changes in upper respiratory mucous membranes (strawberry tongue), changes in extremities, truncal rash, cervical adenopathy
|
|
|
What meds may be given for Kawasaki Disease?
|
aspirin or ibuprofen, IV immunogloulin, ReoPro (platelet receptor inhibitor), NO STEROIDS!!! (aneurysm formation)
|
|
|
Transposition of the Great Vessels causes a __ to __ shunt.
|
Right to left
|
|
|
Tetralogy of Fallot and truncus arteriosus cause a __ to __ shunt.
|
right to left
|
