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245 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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well child care exams occur when?
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birth, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 2 years old and then every ear afterwards
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what is the most challenging age range to examine?
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toddler/early childhood
child is can be fearful, apprehensive, unwilling to undress and be examined |
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at what age to children start to become modest?
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late childhood, adolescence
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where do we take temperature for infants and toddlers?
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rectal temp is most accurate
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Where do we take the pulse of an infant? of older children?
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infant: check by auscultaton or palpation of femoral arteries
older children: palpate radial artery or auscultate |
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what are average heart rates for
1. birth 2. 1-6mo 3. 6-12mo 4. 1-2 years 5. 2-6years 6. 6-10year 7. 10-14 years |
birth - 140
1 -6 mo - 130 6-12 mo 115 1-2 yrs - 110 2-6 yrs - 103 6-10 - 95 10-14 - 85 |
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what are average respiratory rates for
1. newborns 2. early childhood 3. late childhood 4. >15yo |
1. 30-60
2. 20-40 3. 15-25 4. 15-20 |
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when do we start taking BP on peds?
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2 years old
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what is the average blood pressure for
1. a 1 yo? 2. 5 yo? 3. 8 yo? 4. 12 yo? |
1. 90/55
2. 95/55 3. 100/60 4. 110/70 |
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head circumference is measured at every PE during the first?
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2-3 years
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when does normal jaundice appear, peak and disappear for infants?
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appears in the first 2-3 days
peaks at 4-5 day disappears after the first week |
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when does the anterior fontanelle close? how big is it?
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between 4-26 months of age.
1-4 cm |
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when does the posterior fontanelle close? how big is it?
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closes by 2 months usually within weeks, 1 cm
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when do we start examining kids eyes with the snellen chart?
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at age 3
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what is normal visual acuity for
age 3 age 4-5 age 6-7 |
1. 20/40
2.20/30 3. 20/20 |
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reduced vision in a normal eye caused by disease is called?
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amblyopia
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in childhood how do we examine the ear canals?
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upward out and backward
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what are 5 causes of otitis externa?
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1. q tips
2. constant swimming 3. ear drops self rx 4. decreased wax 5. drainage from middle ear |
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inflammation of the skin lining the ear canal caused by chronic irritation and maceration is?
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otitis externa
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what are the two main organisms in otitis externa?
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1. pseudomonas aeruginosa
2. staph aureus |
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on exam the canal is swollen and red and there may be yellow discharge, unable to see the TM
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otitis externa
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What is the tx for otitis externa?
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1. removal of debris with saline irrigation
2. Abx + corticosteroid : Ciprodex, Floxin Otc 5gtts in affected ear BID x 7 days |
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What is a prevention tip for otitis externa?
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use 1:1 solution of alcohol and white vinegar and put in a few drops after swimming into each canal
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one exam you see red colored TM, bulging TM, poor visibility of ossicular landmarks and decreased mobility of TM what it is?
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Acute otitis media
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On exam this can present with fever, otagia, irritability, poor feeding, and URI sxs. Along with inflammation of the middle ear
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acute otitis media
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patients with this will complain of popping or pressure in ear
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otitis media with effusion
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What are risk factors for otitis media?
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day care
exposure to smoking lack of breast feeding bottle feeding lying in crib |
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what are bacterial causes of otitis media?
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most common in first 2 yo
1. Strep pneumonia 2. H. flu 3. M. catarrhalis after 2 yo its more likely viral causes |
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Eustachian tube dysfnx, or runny nose that goes through tube causing otitis media can cause inflammtion and infection in the middle ear known as?
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otitis media
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OM with residual effusion is defined as ?
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13-16 weeks of effusion following acute OM
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OM with persistent effusion is defined as?
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>16 wks of effusion
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if signs and sx of acute OM persiste >48 hours after tx
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unresponsive acute otitis media
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3 acute OM's within 6 months or 4 within 1 year is known as?
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recurrent acute otitis media refer to ENT
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What are 3 complications for otitis media?
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1. tympanosclerosis
2. perforation 3. cholesteatoma |
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persistent otorrhea (drainage) > 6 wks; seen with tympanostomy tubes or perforation
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chronic suppurative otitis media
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how do we relive pain of acute otitis media in the first 24 hrs?
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ibupforen or acetominophen
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Do we automatically give Abx to kids with AOM?
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no, for children 6mo - 2yrs give parents the option of watching and waiting for infection to go away on its own for 48-72 hrs, then start on abx if sx do not improve
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If Abx are to be used with AOM, what rx is given?
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amoxicillin 80-90 mg/kg divided BID x 10d
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sinusitis is not a posisble dx prior to what age?
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6 months
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when do frontal sinuses develop? maxillary?
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frontal 3-9 years
maxiallary 6-12 mo |
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what is the most common cause of sinusitis?
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viral etiology associated with common cold
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what is the pharyngoconjuctivitis triad?
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exudative tonsilitis, conjunctivitis, and fever... caused by adenovirus
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these patients present with hot potato voice
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peritonsillar cellulitis/abscess
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when do we typically see retropharyngeal abscess?
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less than 2 yo
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what organisms cause retropharyngeal abscess?
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B-hymolytic strep
s. aureus |
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sudden onset of sx, fever, tachypnea, dyspnea, neck hyperextension, drooling is likely?
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retropharyngeal abscess
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What machine can measure middle ear pressure?
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tympanometry
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What are common reasons for misdx of OM?
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1. inadequate visualization (wax removal!)
2. red TM w/o other abnormalities 3. crying child - makes ear red |
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when should you do a hearing test on a child with OME?
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if they have it for >3 mo or at anytime language, hearing or speech is affected
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serious but uncommon complications from acute OM and chronic suppurative OM include:
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1. brain abscess
2. meningitis 3. labrythitis 4. sinus thrombophlebitis |
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If drainage does not resolve within ____ wks of treatment with oral abx for chronic suppurative OM, you should consider complications such as?
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Should resolve within 2 weeks
consider: cholesteatoma mastoiditis |
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mastoiditis is?
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infection of mastoiditis and air cells
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what are the likely organisms in mastoiditis?
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staph aureus
s. pnuemoniae s. pyogenes |
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what is the tx for mastoiditis?
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1. hospitalizaton
2. drainage - culture fluid 3. IV abx 4. possible surgery |
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squamos epithelial cyst in mastoid, middle ear or temporal bone is known as?
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cholesteatoma if it continues to grow it can erode the bone in the area
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Sx: painless ear drainage, dizziness, +/- hearing loss, granulation tissue in canal, polyp in middle ear is?
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cholesteatoma
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what is the treatment for cholesteatoma?
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1. surgical excsion
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Children <5 yo have how many colds per year?
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6-12.
especially if in day care |
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what is the most frequent cause of sinusitis?
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viral etiology associated with common cold
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Pathogens associated with sinusitis?
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1. h.flu
2. M catarrhalis 3. S. pneumonia 4. B-hemolytic strep |
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nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, fever, and facial pain that lasts >10 days are indicative of what?
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acute bacterial rhinosinusitis
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how do we treat acute bacterial sinusitis?
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Augmentin 45mg/kg d in 2 divided doses for 10-14days
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how do we treat rhinitis?
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1. antihistamine sprays (works better on rhinorrhea)
2. intranasal steroids (works better for congestion) |
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90% of the times sore throat is caused by?
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a virus
coxsackie monunclosis rubella paryngoconjuctivitis |
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Coxsacki virus is also known as
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hand, foot, mouth dz
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what is coxsackie virus?
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causes painful red blisters in throat, tongue, gums, inside cheecks, palms of hands and soles of feet
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an infection of throat which causes red-ringed blisters and ulcers on the tonsils and soft palate is called?
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herpangina
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adenovirus causes a triad known as phayngoconjuctivitis, what is it?
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1. exudative tonsils
2. conjunctivitis 3. fever |
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you find exudative tonsillitis, cervical lymphadenopathy, and fever in a patient. Its not strep or tonsillitis
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Mononucleosis
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what tests do we do to test for mono?
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1. mono spot
2. EBV panel |
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beet red pharynx, petechiae, tonsillar exudate, cervical lymphadenopathy and fever is seen in?
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Group A B-hemolytic strep
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how do we dx GABHS?
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throat swab or culture
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do we need to confirm a rapid test if its possible for strep?
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nope, just do a cx if the test is negative though
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what is the treatment for strep throat?
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1. Amoxicillin 80-90mg/kg divided BID x 10 days
2. Augmentin 45mg/kg divided BID x 10 days |
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aphthous stomatitis is also known as?
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canker sore
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How long do canker sores last?
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10 -14 days, recur, painful
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If herpes simplex gingivostomatitis is caught early and is severe what can you rx?
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acyclovir x 7 days.
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what is the tx for oral candidiasis/thrush?
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diflucan or oral nystatin
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this is caused by an infection from tonsils that spreads to tissue in an area that causes this:
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peritonsillar cellulitis/abscess
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What are the organisms that cause abscess of tonsils?
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1. streptococci, esp, GABHS
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these patients will present with high fever, severe sore throat "hot potato" voice
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peritonsillar cellulitis
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What is the tx for peritonsillar cellulitis?
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hospitalization with IV abx usually needed
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Sudden onset of: fever, tachypnea, dyspnea, neck hyperextension, drooling and usually seen in <2yo is likely?
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retropharyngeal abscess.
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when lymph nodes that drain the nose, pharynx, adenoids and paranasal sinuses become infected this is called?
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retropharyngeal abscess
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how do we tx patient with retropharyngeal abscess?
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emerency, urgent hospitalization, IV abx, usually surgical I&D
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inflammation of the cervical lymph nodes is known as?
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cervical adenitis
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how do we treat cervical adenitis?
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early tx with abx can prevent progression
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Most cervical adenitis are due to
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GABHS, staph, h.flu
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indications for adenoidectomy include:
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1. upper airway obstruction
2. hypoxia 3. recurrent URI 4. sleep apnea 5. orofacial abnormalities 6. speech and swallow disorders |
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Adenoids are made of _____ and are located in the ________
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lymphoid tissue
nasopharynx |
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this rash affects 50% of newborns and appears in the first 2 days of life and fades w/n a week
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erythema toxicum
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superficial epidermal cysts filled with keratin. 1-2 mm white papules on face of newborn:
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milia: resolve spontaneously
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rash from obstruction of the sweat ducts in newborns
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miliaria
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Neonatal acne affects 20% of newborns and appears around _____ and make take how long to resolve:
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appears 4-6 wks make take weeks or months to resolve.
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dilated cutaneous vessels in a lace like pattern covering most of the body is known as?
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mottling
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bullae intact or an erosion on hands or forearms. thought to be from utero sucking
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sucking blisters
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beefy red patches on buttocks, inner thighs and lower abdomen
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candidiasis
can be confirmed with KOH prep |
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what is the tx for candidiasis?
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OTC topical antifungal cream BID-TID
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red, inflamed skin with greasy scales
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Seborrheic dermatitis
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what is the tx for seborrheic dermatitis?
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0.5% hydrocortisone cream BID for few days
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bright red, well demarcated rash with blood streaked stool and itching is
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perianal strep
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slivery scales or red, well demarcated area is?
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psoriasis
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what is the tx for psoriasis?
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.5% hydrocortisone used sparingly
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tiny pustules on a red base, gram + cocci
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staphylococcul pustulosis
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what is the tx for Staphylococcul pustulosis
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Topical or oral abx, PCN, bactoban ointment
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how do we treat perianal strep
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PCN
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a patient with ___ or more cafe au lait spots that are greater than _____ in diameter needs workup to r/o nuerofibromatosis
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6 or more
>1.5 cm |
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COngential proliferation of melanocytic nevus cells; large nevi are known as? what do we do with them?
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congential melanocytic nevus
refer them to derm! 5-10% chance of malignancy |
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An area of depigmentation around a nevus, followed monts later by resolution of nevus is known as?
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halo nevus
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lesion with hyperplasia of the epidermis, lesion is hyperpigmented, linear and verrucous
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epidermal nevus
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how can we treat psoriasis?
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corticosteroid creams, coal tar, UV light
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hemangiomas usually resolve in how long?
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3-10 years
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herald patch followed by generalized scaly rash in xmas tree distribution is? Who gets it?
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pityriasis rosea
seen in children, usually viral/infectious cause |
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how do we treat pityriasis rosea ( herald patch, xmas tree)
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OTC antihistamines, resolves in 6-12 weeks
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erythema, mild edema, lichenification, raised dry skin, may ooze or crust, "the itch that rashes"
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eczema: atopic dermatitis
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eczema is seen in the extensor surfaces when? and the flexor surfaces when?
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extensor - infancy
flexor - childhood |
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greasy waxy yellow scales and craddle cap are signs of?
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seborrheic dermatitis
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coin shaped, multiple patches and raised
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nummular eczema
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treatment of nummular eczema
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lubrication
topical corticosteroids |
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follicular papules with white centers over arms, thighs, cheeks, butt
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keratosis pilaris
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what is the MC chronic dz in kids?
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asthma
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chronic lung dz characterized by airway obstuction and n arrowing, airway inflammation, mucous plugging, and airway hyperresponsiveness =
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asthma
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all patients with asthma should undergo what kind of testing?
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skin testing, IgE blood testing for allergens
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on pulm function test what sort of flow volume curve is seen on expiratory portion of the loop in asthma?
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"scooping out"
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what are the top two SABA medications?
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albuterol
xopenex (levalbuterol) |
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what is the nebulized dosage of Albuterol?
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premixed vials = .083% per tx
0.5ml albuterol with 3ml saline (50/50 R and S mix) |
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What is the nebulized doseage of Xopenex?
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3 doses:
1. 0.31 mg/3ml 2 * 0.63mg/3ml 3. 1.24mg/3mld |
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dont ever Rx an oral form of this asthma medication. Its has way too many SE
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oral form of albuterol can cause tremor, seizures, hyperactivity, tachy)
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B2 Agonist inhalers include:
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1. Proventil HFA: 90mch/inh
2. Ventolin HFA: 90mcg/inh 3. ProAir HFA: 90mcg/inh 4. Xopenex HFA: 45mcg only for children >4 |
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All SABA inhalers are dosed:
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2 inhalations every 4-6 hours as needed or 15min before exercise. should admin with spacer
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what is the preferred medication for long-term control of asthma; taken daily for prevention?
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ICS
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Which of the following do ICS not do?
a. provide effective anti-inflammatory response b. improve pulm fnx c. reduce bronchial hyperresponsiveness d. reduce airway remodeling e. provide immediate relief f. modify disease progression |
e. they don't provide immediate relief!
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what are 6 brands of ICS?
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1. Flovent
2. Asmanex 3. Pulmicort 4. Asmacort 5. Alvesco 6. Qvar |
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what are two common LABA meds?
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1. foradil
2. serevent don't really like rx these because not as effective as ICS in controlling asthma and they don't work quickly. kids can grab wrong inhaler! |
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what two medications are ICS and LABA combined?
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1. Advair
2. Symbicort |
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what is a commonly rx asthma medication that is also a leukotriene antagonist
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Singulair (Montelukast)
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what is a viral dz of the upper airway causing edema, narrowing of the subglottic space and is often seen in peds?
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laryngotracheobronchitis aka croup
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How long do the cold xs, cough, hoarseness, seal like bark last for?
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usually 3-5 days
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what will you hear on exam on a patient with croup?
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classic cough and hoarseness
possible stridor on inspiration transmitted upper airway sounds |
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What is the tx for moderate croup?
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if having resp distress, low feeding, low O2 can admit to hospital for croup tent, oral or IV steroids
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what is the tx for severe croup?
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1. steroids
2. humidified air 3. consider intubation |
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what steroid do we use for croup?
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Orapred 15mg/5ml
oral prednisone 1mg/1kg |
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which pathogens cause croup?
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parainfluenza virus 1,2,3, RSV
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mild erythema in posterior pharynx, hoarse voice, loss of voice, sore throat
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laryngitis
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Classic sniffing position and thumb sign on xray=
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epiglottitis
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treatment of epiglottitis?
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Abx - ceftriaxone
prophylaxis of household members |
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stridor is biphasic with this, also may have prolonged episode of crop, cough, etc.
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airway stenosis
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when cartilate of trachea and larynx have not hardened in some infants and can interfere with airway patency
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Tracheomalacia, Laryngomalacia
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when are aspirations MC?
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6months to 4yo
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#1 cause of bronchiolitis?
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RSV respiratory syncytial virus
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viral illness in young children caused by inflammation and constriction in small airways. Most common in winter and spring. Lasts 10-14 days
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bronchiolitis
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this respiratory disorder is seen in late fall, early winter
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croup
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Sx: wheezing scattered throughout the chest, rhinorrhea, sneezing, low grade fever, suggest?
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bronchiolitis
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what can we use for prevention of bronchiolitis?
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Synagis, a RSV immune globulin; used for premature infant and kids at risk who qualify. Very expensive
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What is the tx for bronchiolitis?
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1. Fluids
2. Ox 3. Bronchiodilaros 4. possible oral steroids |
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how often do we see bronchitis in kids?
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not a disease of children!
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Inflammation and consolidation of alveolar tissue is known as?
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pneumonia
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What is the major cause of pneumonia, viral or bacterial?
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Majority Viral
10-30% bacerial |
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What are the viral organisms that cause pneumonia and it what age groups?
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Infants: RSV, CMV, Influenza
<5 yo: Influenza, RSV, adenovirus >5yo: Influenza |
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what are the bacterial organisms that cause pneumonia and in what age groups?
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Infants: Strep pneumo, Staph aureus, H. flu
< 5 yo: strep pneumo, staph aureus, H. flu >5 yo: Strep pnuemo, H.flu, mycoplasma, C. pneumoniae 5-15 yo: mycoplasma |
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in what kind of pneumonia will you see diffuse streaky infiltrates?
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Viral
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How do we tx pneumonia?
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Fluids and Abx
1. Azithromycin 10mg/kg QD x 5d (best for mycoplasma) 2. Augmentin (best for S. pneumo) |
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Is CF a dz of endocrine or exocrine glands?
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exocrine
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CF patients are almost always colonized with and medicated for what organisms?
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1. H.flu
2. Staph aureus 3. Pseudomonas RSV infection also quite common |
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CF affects what systems?
|
defect in chloride channels seen in
1. pancreas 2. sweat glands 3. respiratory 4. intestines 5. reproductive system 6. salivary glands |
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what are 4 factors listed for Dx of CF?
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1. family hx
2. sweat test = Chloride >60 3. pancreatic insufficiency 4. chronic obstructive lung dz |
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What does the CF acronym: CF Pancreas stand for?
|
C- chronic cough
F - failure to thrive P - pancreatic insufficiency A- alkalosis N - nasal polyps C - clubbing R - rectal prolapse E - electroyltes increased in sweat A - asbence of Vas S - sputum mucoid |
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Highly contagious infection caused by bordetella?
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Pertussis (Whooping cough)
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What phase are people most contagious?
|
1st phase: catarrhal stage
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in what stage of pertussis is the inspiratory whoop sound heard?
|
2nd stage: paroxysmal stage
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what is the tx for pertussis?
|
Abx tx with erythromycin for patients and direct contact but only if you dx it in catarrhal stage if not, abx not effective. fluids, nutrition
Risky for infants! hence all the commercials and push for revaccination, high death |
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macroglossia is seen in ?
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IDM, Hypothyroidism, Downs
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when do we do anemia screening?
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1. 1-2yo
2. children 1-5 yo if high risk 3. adolescents: feamale every year male at peak of puberty |
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when do we screen for lead?
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12 and 24 months
5-9ug concern >10 elevated >45 hospital |
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when do we screen hearing?
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at birth and then at every well child visit hearing and language development should be assessed
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______ is a misaligned or deviating eye
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strabismus
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When do formal visual acuity tests begin?
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3-4 yo
at 3: 40/20 at 4: 30/20 by 6-7 will be 20/20 |
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visual milestones along with red reflex should be documented when?
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at each infant visit
|
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when do we start checking BPs?
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Yearly starting at age 3
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a BP between the 90-95% on charts is defined as?
BP >99th% is defines as? |
1. prehypertension
2. Stage 2 hypertension |
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when do we screen cholesterol?
|
between 9-11 yo
and again at 17-21 yo can start kids on lipid lowering agents as young as 10yo! |
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by when do we want to stop bottle use (move on to sippie cup by 6 months)
|
by 12 months no more bottles!
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By when do children need to see a dentist?
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by 12 months
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When is a childs first oral health risk assessment done and give them education?
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6 months
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a babies first visit to the pediatricion should be when?
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first 3-5 days of life
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weight checks are done on infants until?
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baby is gaining expected amount of 1 ounce per day and birth weight has returned
|
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what organisms are involved in nonbullous impetigo?
|
Group A Beta hemolytic strep
Staph aureus |
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What is a bacterial infection seen with small vesicles with honey-colored crust?
|
non-bullous impetigo
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What is a bacterial infection seen with small vesicles <3cm
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bullous impetigo
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What do we use to treat impetigo?
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1. mild - topical abx
2. mod- oral abx (Augmentin, Keflex) |
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Infection into the lower dermis or SQ fat, warm, erythema
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cellulitis
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What organisms cause cellulitis?
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Staph aureus
GABHS |
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how do we treat cellulitis
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Systemic abx that cover staph and strep (augmentin, Keflex)
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When do we see Erythema Chronicum Migrans?
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with lyme dz, caused by borrelia burgdorderi
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Begins as a erythematous papule that enlarges into an annular red rash with an area of central clearing
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erythema chronicum migrans
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What is the treatment for ECM?
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children < 8 yo use amoxicillin
children >8 yo use doxycyline |
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strep with rash is also known as?
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scarlet fever
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A toxin mediated rash caused by GABHS is and seen with sandpaper rash that starts on trunk and spreads to extremities
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scarlet fever
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How do we treat scarlet fever?
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Abx for strep if they are positive for it if not, rash resolves without tx
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sunburn like rash, that blisters then has bullous formation and finally skin peeling. mediated by staph aureus toxin
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Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome
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what is the tx for SSSS?
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1st gen Cephalosporin (Keflex)
Bacitracin to ruptures bullae resolves in 7-10 days |
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What is tinea corporis?
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infection on body, scaly patches with central clearing (fungi)
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what is tinea capitis and how do you treat it?
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infection of fungus on scalp. tx is long term with systemic antifungals (oral)
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what do we use to tx tinea unguium?
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long term tx with system antifungals (Griseofulvin, Terbinafine)
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What is tinea versicolor?
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hypo or hyperpigmented scaling, oval macular lesions on the trunk or arms.
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how do we treat tinea corporis, pedis, manus, and cruris?
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topical antifungals
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How do we dx tinea?
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Clinical and confirmed with KOH prep which reveals hyphae.
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what does a KOH prep show for tenia versicolor?
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spaghetti and meatballs. Buddy hyphae and yeast. can treat with selenium sulfide shampoo
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How do we treat candidiasis?
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for skin: topical imidazole (antifungal cream)
For oral thrush: oral nystatin or oral diflucan x 14 days |
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what is the treatment for varicella?
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supportive: fluids, pain control, antipruritics
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red macules appear scattered all over body and then turn into vesicles on erythematous base. dew drop on rose petal
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chicken pox, varicella
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primary infection can present with fever, malaise and regional lympahdenopathy. There is a prodrome of tingling, burning or itching occurs. Cluster of vesicles or erosions typically seen periorally or on lips
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Herpes Simplex Type 1
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How do we treat herpes
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Topical antiviral: Acyclovir applied 6xd for 1 wk
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pearly white or skin colored firm papule with central umbilication. pox virus
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molluscum
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this type of wart is seen on the hands, fingers, knees
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verrucae vulgaris
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Where do we find verrucae planar?
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flat warts on face or dorsum of hands
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Treatment for warts?
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OTC salicylic acid, liquid nitrogen, destructive agents, curettage
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rashes associated with certain viral etiologies causing a reaction in the skin due to viremia are known as?
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viral exanthems
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A very common viral illness affecting school aged children, commonly in spring, presents with slapped cheek rash
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Parovirus B19 - Fifth Dz
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Roseola is a viral illness caused by?
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HHV-6/7
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This dz presents with approx 3 days of high fever >103, cough/cold sx and is followed by a rash. 2-3mm rose pink macules that tend to coalesce
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Roseola
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this infestation is seen in finger webs, ankles, genitals or face and is itchy
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scabies
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what is the tx for scabies?
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Elimite
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How do we treat lice?
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Launder all clothing and bedding. Use NIX
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This dz has erythematous macules and plaques that appear in stocking/glove distribution 1-3 days after onset of fever. ITs a mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
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Kawasaki dz
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What are some complications for Kawasaki's dz we must be on the look out for?
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Risks of cardiovascular complications include myocarditis, pericarditis, aneurysm formation.
Patient must be followed by cardiologist |
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Fever >5 days, conjunctivitis, cracking/fissuring of lips, cervical lymphadenopathy, rash on trunk and extremities. "Stocking/glove distribution 1-3 days after onset of fever
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Kawasaki dz
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Neurofibromatosis is characterized by?
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1. cafe au-lait spots
2. axillary/inguinal freckling 3. Lisch nodules (eyes) 4. neurofibromas |
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How do you make dx of nuerofibromatosis?
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2 or more of the following:
1. 6 or more cafe-au-lait spots 2. axillary/inguinal freckling 3. 2 or more iris Lisch nodules 4. 2 or more neurofibromas 5. distinctive osseous lesions 6. optic glioma 7. first degree relative with NF1 |
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Autosomal-dominant disorder associated with chromosome 9 or 16
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tuberus sclerosis
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What 4 skin lesions can we see in tuberous sclerosis?
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1. ash leaf spot
2. sebaceous adenoma 3. shagreen patch 4. ungual fibromas |
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What are the three stages of syphillis?
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1. painless chancre - PRIMARY
2. Secondary - multiple firm papules over trunk, palm, soles, genitals 3. Teritiary - brown firm plaques |
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what skin lesions will we see with meningitis?
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pink macules, papules and petechia over trunk, extremities and palate
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bald spots - exclamation point hair is known as?
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alopecia areata
tx: spontaneous resolution in 1-2 year |
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Pulling out of one's hair is known as?
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trichotillomania
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Regression of hair follicles to a resting state. Hair loss is diffuse, but subtle is known as?
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telogen effluvium (need to fluff your hair up to hide the balding)
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Vasculitis that affects small blood vessels esp those of kidney, GI tract and skin.
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Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
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Most common vasculitis in chidhood is?
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HSP
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What is the tetrad of sx's in HSP?
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NAPA:
1. nephritis 2. Abdominal pain 3. Palpable purpura 4. Arthritis |
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What do labs reveal on patient with HSP?
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CBC platelets are normal
ESR or CRP elevated UA may reveal hematuria and proteinuria |
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what are suspected cases of HSP?
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GABHS, bacteria, dogs, virusis, foods
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Predominant form of acne in adolexcents is?
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comedomal acne (combo of black and white heads)
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what are the OTC tx options for acne?
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OTC: benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid products
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What can we use for follicular obstruction in acne?
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1. retinoic acid
2. benzoyl peroxide 3. azelaid acid |
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What is the tx for cystic acne?
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oral retinoids - accutane
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