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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In what year was the SCAT 3 created?
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2013 as a result of the 4th International convention
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At what age do we change between administering a child SCAT and the regular SCAT 3?
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12
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By the definition of concussion what induces a concussion?
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traumatic biomechanical forces
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Where must a person be hit to suffer a concussion?
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anywhere on the body, forces need to be impulsively transmitted to the head
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Complete the Statement
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short lived impairment of neurologic function that resolves spontaneously
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What microscopid structures are damaged by a concussion?
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axons
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True or False
neuro-imaging scans show no structural deformity in those with concussion |
True
We see a functional disturbance rather than a structural one |
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What are MRI's used for regarding patients who may have concussions?
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used to rule out epidural hematoma
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True or False
Concussions will usually include a loss of consciousness. |
False
They may or may not include LOC but is not dependant |
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What is the recovery time for 80% of concussions?
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7-10 days
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What populations will generally take longer to heal from a concussion?
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children and adolecents
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What do we see massive releases of post concussion and what impact does this have or the neurological system?
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release of potassium, changes the polarization properties of neurons
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what do fMRI's scan for?
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levels of sodium which can be compared to normal levels
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Why might receiving a second concussion shortyl after the first have major consequences?
Hint: Period of vulnerability |
after a concussion we see an increased demand for glucose/oxygen and lower levels of blood flow, another impact could cause irreperable damage or death
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What is the most common MOI for a concussion?
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collision with another object at a high rate of speed
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If someone is struck on the anterior aspect of the skull where will a contrecoup be incurred?
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on the posterior aspect of the brain as it impacts the posterior skull
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Where in hockey are the largest impact forces felt?
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in the open ice due to the high pace of play
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Do helmet only practices promote smaller hits and impact forces?
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no
impacts during helmet only practices tend to be stronger than those felt in full practice |
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What is the most common method of suffering a head injury in sport?
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impact from a fall
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What age group is most likely to suffer a concussion?
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<20 years old
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Why might concussion rates be increasing?
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- better athlete education
- better screening processes |
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What activities are the top 3 contributors to concussions for males and females?
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males: hockey, cycling, football
females: soccer, horseback riding, cycling |
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What are 3 classes of symptoms for a concussion?
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- somatic, cognitive, emotional symptoms
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what are 3 signs of a concussion?
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- physcical signs (LOC, amnesia)
- behavioural changes (irritable) - cognitive impairment (slow reaction time) - sleep disturbance (drowsiness) |
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What is the difference between a sign and a symptom?
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sign = observable
symptom = self report from patient |
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When should the SCAT 3 be administered?
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15 minutes post injury
3 days post 7 days post symptoms should be decreasing |
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What should be do immediately after we see a hit that may have caused a concussion?
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proceed through primary and secondary survey to rule out cervical injury
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What might an athlete with a TBI report that may resemble a cervical injury?
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numbness or tingling
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What is the earliest someone with a diagnosed concussion can return to play?
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generally twice as long as they are symptom free
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What can someone recovering from a concussion avoid to make recovery easier?
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TV, reading, practice, play, weights, running, lights
anything stimulating |
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When can someone recovering from TBI return to play or begin rehab?
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when they are asymptomatic at a lower activity level
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When should we use CT's or MRI's and why?
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Prolonged loss of consciousness
Focal neurologic deficit Worsening symptoms Deterioration in conscious state These may indicate a brain bleed |
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Why is balance one of the best diagnostic tools for concussions?
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athletes are unable to lie about their balance
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What (usually) easily treatable problem can have signs that resemble a concussion?
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dehydration
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What extra thought should be given when an athlete that has been prescribed medication for their concussion symptoms is returning to play?
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Are their medications masking their symptoms and are they actually fully recovered?
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what style of athletes are more likely to be injured?
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aggressive athletes
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In relation to concussions what is a modifier?
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a factor that may predispose an athlete to suffering a concussion
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What is it called when someone with a concussion exhibits seizure-like symptoms?
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concussive convulsion
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What does the timing modifier refer to?
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the more recently the previous concussion the more likely to suffer another and more likely for it take longer to heal
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T or F
People with some mental disorders have a lower threshold for concussions |
True
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What are the 6 stages of the graded exertion protocol?
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1. no activity
2. light aerobic 3. sport specific exercise 4. no contact practice 5. full contact practice 6. return to play |
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What is the time frame for each stage of the Graded exertion protocol and what should be done if symptoms return at any stage?
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24h per stage
if symptoms return return to the previous stage |
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How might the child SCAT differ from the adult SCAT 3?
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months in order
fewer numbers to recall simpler words |
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Does age affect concussion recovery time?
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yes, highschool athletes take longer to recover than collegiate athletes
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What should be done to modify a concussion rehab program for children and adolescents?
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increase the asymptomatic period
longer time period in the graded exertion protocol |
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what is the finite number of concussions before ending a sports career?
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unknown
should assess each athlete individually and look at neuropsych assessments and symptoms |
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What is the guideline number of concussions before removing an athlete from play from contact sports?
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generally 3 concussions is the cutoff for contact sports, although should be assessed on an individual basis
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What syndrome arises when someone recovering from a concussion suffers another?
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second impact syndrome
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What mental disorders may athletes be more likely diagnosed with much later in life if they have a history of concussions?
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dimentia and alzheimers
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What are 3 things on a medical history that may indicate an athlete is at higher risk for concussion?
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>1 concussion in the last year
history of migraines depression or learning disability |
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Why is it not true that helmets can prevent all concussions?
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the brain is free sitting in the skull and any impulsive force will cause accelleration within the skull
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