Pediatrics Exam #1

Front 1

3 major causes of sublux

Back 1

physical trauma
chemical irritation
mental stress

Front 2

define pediatrics

Back 2

branch of the healing arts dedicated to the attainment of the best physical, emotional, and social health for infants, children, and young people

Front 3

healing arts

Back 3

science which relates to the prevention, cure, or alleviation of disease

Front 4

what does pediatrics incorporate

Back 4

pregnant mother and unborn child from conception to the age of skeletal maturity (25)

Front 5

chiropractic pediatrics employs what kind of approach

Back 5

holistic approach focusing on prevention and maintenance of health

Front 6

common causes of sublux in children

Back 6

intrauterine spinal strain
birth process
falls
traumas
& disease => dis-ease

Front 7

can parents tell if child has sublux

Back 7

usually not

Front 8

obvious conditions that may tell parents the child is subluxed

Back 8

neck/back pain
scoliosis
recurrent earache
headache

Front 9

3 conditions labeled as irritable baby syndrome

Back 9

colic
functional constipation
encopresis (fecal soiling)

Front 10

Explain the responsibility an NCO has to each subordinate during the change process.

Back 10

You have a responsibility to create a positive atmosphere through which each of your subordinates will feel that change is needed and will be supportive of the process. Concurrently, as NCO supervisors, managers and leaders, you must anticipate and deal with any resistance to change. In doing so, you must gain familiarity with and be able to identify each of the following six groups of personalities in your organization: the innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, late adopters and the diehards. You must realize that people are your single greatest asset, and concentrate your efforts upon those who are willing to "get with the program."

Front 11

4 common causes of death in adults in 1997

Back 11

cardiovascular diseases
cancer
stroke
copd

Front 12

main cause of death in children age 0-12 months

Back 12

congenital malformations

Front 13

main cause of death in children age 1-4

Back 13

unintentional injury
--trauma....from motor vehicle accidents

Front 14

3 leading causes of death age 0-52 weeks

Back 14

congenital abn
sids
infx

Front 15

4 leading causes of death age 1-4

Back 15

trauma
congenital abn
cancer
infx

Front 16

4 leading causes of death age 5-14

Back 16

trauma
cancer
congenital abn
infx

Front 17

main form of child abuse

Back 17

neglect
***care takers neglect to meet the physical and emotional needs of the child
*** also medical neglect

Front 18

______ is a form of secondary prevention

Back 18

screening

Front 19

main criteria for screening

Back 19

screened cond = important health prob
population
everyone vs hi risk
sensitive and specific test
treatment available and effective
cost effective
acceptable to child and parents
good at finding risk parents
good at detecting early disease

Front 20

screening = _______

Back 20

diagnosis

Front 21

vertebral instability is a ______ for adjustment

Back 21

absolute contraindication

Front 22

most common childhood primary bone malignancy

Back 22

osteosarcoma

Front 23

most common adult primary bone malignancy

Back 23

multiple myeloma

Front 24

second most common childhood primary bone malignancy

Back 24

ewing's sarcoma

Front 25

characterize the neurological growth from birth to puberty

Back 25

very rapid growth during the first 3 years of life and gradually slowing down till puberty

Front 26

what are the primitive automatisms

Back 26

develop during gestation, demonstrable at birth, disappear at defined ages

Front 27

reflex:
suckling when stroke the side of the mouth.
absence = severe generalized or CNS disease

Back 27

rooting reflex

Front 28

reflex:
spine curves toward the side of stimulation
absence = transverse spinal cord lesion/injury

Back 28

trunk incurvation (galant's reflex)

Front 29

reflex:
hold baby upright, have 1 sole touch the floor, the hip and knee or that foot will flex and the other will step forward
absence = possible paralysis. if breach birth, reflex may be absent

Back 29

placing & stepping reflex

Front 30

2 most common causes of headache in children

Back 30

tension type headache
migraine

Front 31

is birth trauma a cause of perinatal asphyxia

Back 31

nope...perinatal asphyxia is more severe

Front 32

do most infants have a babinski response

Back 32

depends who you ask
normal findings:
1- b/l equal responses
2- either A)b/l babinski extensor
OR B)b/l flexor and ...
3- absence of additional neurological presentation or fever

Front 33

name 6 neurologic and social abilities in newborns

Back 33

-can use 5 senses
-perception
-dynamic interaction
-attachment
-habituation
-state regulation

Front 34

?state regulation?

Back 34

consolability
self-consoling
self-quieting activities
hand to mouth
cuddliness

Front 35

what are the ideal prerequisites for a successful neurologic assessment

Back 35

=child must not be hungry, tired, or have dirty diapers during the exam
=the neurological maturity of a newborn is directly related to the length of pregnancy

Front 36

list the main types of developmental milestones

Back 36

fine motor & gross motor
cognitive & language
social and emotional

Front 37

define focal neurological findings

Back 37

asymmetric -- different presentation from side to side or b/w upper and lower body

Front 38

what common conditions present with focal neurological findings

Back 38

vascular stroke/focal cerebral ischemia, AVM, aneurysm/brain trauma
-SOL tumor, abscess
-congenital birth defects of the brain
-birth trauma
-perinatal asphyxia

Front 39

what is the more appropriate name for perinatal asphyxia

Back 39

hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)

Front 40

incidence of perinatal asphyxia

Back 40

1-2/1000 live births

Front 41

what are the metabolic consequences of perinatal asphyxia

Back 41

hypoxia
hypercapnia
metabolic acidosis

Front 42

what are the longterm sequelae from brain injuries caused by perinatal asphyxia

Back 42

leading to acute and permanent brain injuries, including motor defects, developmental delay, and mental retardation

Front 43

what are the common brain tumors in children as opposed to adults

Back 43

children
- infratentorial
-- cerebellar astrocytoma, medulloblastoma
adults
- supratentorial location
-- metastases - bronchogenic CA, breast CA, multiple myeloma
-- glioblastoma multiforme - most common primary malignant tumor
-- meningioma - most common benign tumor

Front 44

what types of headache are most common in children

Back 44

tension type headache
migraine

Front 45

what causes most episodes of seizures in children under age 5

Back 45

brain tumor

Front 46

what common sublux are assumed to occur due to birth trauma that are caused by traction pull forces (up to 90 lb according to webster)

Back 46

upper/mid cervical and sacral subluxations

Front 47

why is light force adjusting recommended in children under age 7

Back 47

fragility
partially non-ossified bone tissue and ligaments; avoidance of rebound sublux
"innate is very powerful in children --> minute need for correction compared to adults

Front 48

what are the proper contact fingers and set up in an infant with lateral C1 or C2 sublux

Back 48

digit 5 contact on the lateral mass/TP

Front 49

which organs occupy a signif large volume of the following body regions in children..compared to adults
oropharynx
thorax
abdomen

Back 49

palatine tonsils
thymus
liver

Front 50

according to webster
how are childhood sublux determined

Back 50

pt presentation
spinal analysis
instrumentation
leg length
xrays