Pediatrics Brs Chapter 2

Front 1

Describe the orderly, predictable process of development.

Back 1

Head to toe in a proximal to distal manner

Front 2

Infants with _ show stronger and more sustained primitive reflexes and may have delayed development of postural reactions.

Back 2

CNS injuries

Front 3

T/F - Postural reactions, such as the parachute, are acquired and not present at birth.

Back 3

True

Front 4

Persistent _ beyond 3moa is often the earliest sign of neuromotor problems.

Back 4

fisting

Front 5

Early rolling over, early pulling to a stand instead of sitting, and persistent toe walking may indicate _.

Back 5

spasticity

Front 6

T/F - beware younger than 18 moa hand dominance.

Back 6

True - can be sign of hemiparesis

Front 7

Most common domain to have delay.

Back 7

language

Front 8

Time period for optimal language acquisition occurs during _.

Back 8

1ST 2 years of life

Front 9

Single best indicator of intellectual potential.

Back 9

language

Front 10

When does object permanence usually develop?

Back 10

around 9 months, and can lead to Separatoin anxiety

Front 11

Toddlers exhibit parallel play during the _. They learn to play together and share at _.

Back 11

1st 2 years, play at 3 years

Front 12

Define Cerebral Palsy.
1) intelligence
2) effects

Back 12

Static encephalopathy caused by injury to developing brain in which motor function is primarily affected.
1) may be normal intell.
2) seizures, cogn. defi, MR, LD, sensory loss, Vis/Aud deficits

Front 13

Diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy is based on _.

Back 13

repeated neurodevelopmental exams

Front 14

Types of Spastic Cerebral Palsy.

Back 14

diplegia: LE, scissoring
hemiplegia: Unilateral UE
quadriplegia: all

Front 15

Extrapyramidal cerebral palsy is suggested by _.

Back 15

athetoid movements (often also has oral motor involvement)

Front 16

Most common cause of learning disabilities.

Back 16

idiopathic discrepeny between a child's academic achievement and level expected on basis of age and intelligence.

Front 17

Autism
1) incidence/gender
2) clinical

Back 17

1) prior to age 3, males
2) difficulty in language to communicate (e.g. echolalia), can be self injurious

Front 18

Asperger Syndrome

Back 18

Qualitative impairment in peer relationships and social interations with no clinically significant language delay

Front 19

Specific Criteria of ADHD

Back 19

1) symptoms before 7 yoa
2) symptoms more than 1 environment
3) impaired school/ relationship functioning
4) Inattention
5) hyperactivity
6) Impulsivity

Front 20

Treatment of ADHD

Back 20

1) demystification
2) classroom mod's
3) educational assistance
4) counseling
5) Med's

Front 21

1st line pharm agent for ADHD; 2nd line?

Back 21

1st: stimulants (e.g. methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine)
2nd: TCA or clonidine (esp. if tics/aggresion)

Front 22

T/F - Methylphenidate can decrase growth velocity with change in overall stature.

Back 22

False - can decrease growth velocity but no effect overall

Front 23

Early identification of hearing loss should occur before _ to avoid delayed speech and language skills.

Back 23

6 months of age

Front 24

What class of drugs is associated with hearing loss? What organ system should be checked via what lab?

Back 24

ABX, renal via creatinine level

Front 25

Primary cause of blindness worldwide

Back 25

Trachoma infection

Front 26

What is colic?

Back 26

Crying that lasts > 3 hours per day and occurs > 3 days/week. Usually begins at 2-4 weeks of age and resolves by 3-4 months of age

Front 27

Urinary Incontinece beyond the age when the child is capable?

Back 27

Enuresis

Front 28

Define Primary vs Secondary enuresis.

Back 28

primary, never dry;
Secondary, 6 months previous dryness

Front 29

_ can be a comorbid or etiologic factor in enuresis.

Back 29

Constipation

Front 30

Laboratory Evaluation of Enuresis.

Back 30

U/A, U Cx;
Imagine if necessary.

Front 31

Treatment of Nocturnal Enuresis

Back 31

1) Demystification (lose blame)
2)Conditioning alarm
3) meds: DDAVP, TCA(e.g.Impiramine)

Front 32

What is sleeping through the night?

Back 32

sleeping more than 5 hours after midnight for a 4 week period.

Front 33

When are nightmares common: age and stage? Recall?

Back 33

common after 3 yoa during REM sleep (can recall)

Front 34

When are night terrors common: age and stage? Recall?

Back 34

common between 3-5 yoa during non-REM stage 4 sleep, and child does not recall

Front 35

Abdominal pain/headache in the morning right before leaving for school and disapears on the weekend?

Back 35

School Phobia

Front 36

Temper tantrums are common when? Manipulative?

Back 36

1-3 yoa, not necessarily manipulative (inability to verbalize feelings)

Front 37

T/F - Breath holding spells are benign episodes, involuntary and harmless.

Back 37

True - but if precipiated by exercise/excitement and ECG may be indicated.

Front 38

Prerequisites for Toliet Training.

Back 38

1)understand lingo
2) prefer dry to wet/soiled
3) recognize bladder full/urge and tell caregivefr

Front 39

T/F - before age 6 months, no discipline is indicated.

Back 39

True