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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Primitive Reflexes: Order of Integration |
- Galant (2 mo) - Positive Support (2 mo) - Walking/Stepping (2 mo) - Rooting (3 mo) - Palmar Grasp (4 mo) - Moro and Startle (5 mo) - ATNR (6 mo) - STNR (6-8 mo) - Plantar Grasp (9 mo) |
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Gross Motor Milestones |
- Head Control (4 mo) - Rolling (6-8 mo) - Sitting (8 mo) - Creeping and Standing w/ Support (9 mo) - Cruising (10 mo) - Walking (12 mo) |
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Cephalic to Caudal |
Develop head and UE control prior to trunk and LE control |
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Gross to Fine |
Large muscle movement acquisition with progression to small muscle skill acquisition. |
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Mass to Specific |
Acquire simple movements and progress towards complex movements |
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Proximal to Distal |
Trunk control (midline stability) is acquired first with subsequent gain in distal control (extremities). |
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Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR) |
Birth - 6 months Stimulus: Head Turn Response: Arm and leg are extended in same direction, arm and leg on opposite side are flexed. |
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Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR) |
6 - 8 months Stimulus: Head in either flexion or extension Response: Head flexion --> arms flex, legs extend Head extension --> arms extend, legs flex |
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Galant Reflex |
30 wks gestation - 2 months Stimulus: touch skin along spine from shoulder to hip Response: Lateral flexion of trunk to side of stim. |
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Palmar Grasp Reflex |
Birth - 4 months Stimulus: Pressure in palm on ulnar side Response: Flexion of fingers causing strong grip |
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Plantar Grasp Reflex |
28 wks of gestation - 9 months Stimulus: Pressure to base of toes Response: Toe flexion |
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Rooting Reflex |
28 wks of gestation - 3 months Stimulus: Touch on cheek Response: Turn head to same side with mouth open. |
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Moro Reflex |
28 wks of gestation - 5 months Stimulus: Head dropping into ext suddenly for a few inches. Response: Arms AB with fingers open, then cross trunk into AD, the baby starts to cry |
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Startle Reflex |
28 wks of gestation - 5 months Stimulus: Loud, Sudden Noise Response: Arms AB, then cross trunk into AD, elbows flexed and hands closed, the baby starts to cry |
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Positive Support Reflex |
35 wks of gestation - 2 months Stimulus: Weight placed in balls of feet when upright Response: Stiffening of legs and trunk into ext. |
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Walking (Stepping) Reflex |
38 wks of gestation - 2 months Stimulus: Supported upright position with soles of feet on firm surface Response: Reciprocal flex/ext of legs |
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0 - 1 Month Gross Motor Skills |
Prone: Physiological Flexion, Lifts head briefly, Head to side Supine: Physiological Flexion, Rolls partly to one side Sitting: Head lag in pull to sit Standing: Reflex standing and walking |
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0 - 1 Month Fine Motor Skills |
-Regards objects in direct line of sight -Follows moving object to midline -Hands fisted -Arm movements jerky -Movements may be purposeful or random |
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2 - 3 Months Gross Motor Skills |
Prone: Lifts head to 90* briefly, Chest up in prone position with some wt through forearms, Rolls from prone to supine Supine: ATNR Legs kick reciprocally, prefers head to one side Sitting: Head upright, but bobbing, variable head lag in pull to sit, needs full support to sit Standing: Poor WB, hips in flexion, behind shoulders |
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2 - 3 Months Fine Motor Skills |
-Can see farther distances -Hands open more -Visually follows through 180* -Grasp is reflexive -Uses palmar grasp |
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4 - 5 Months Gross Motor Skills |
Prone: Bears wt on extended arms, pivots in prone to reach toys Supine: rolls from supine to side position, plays with feet to mouth Sitting: Head steady in supported sitting position, turns head in sitting position, sits alone for brief periods Standing: Bears all weight through legs in supported standing |
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4 - 5 Months Fine Motor Skills |
-Grasps and releases toys -Uses ulnar-palmar grasp |
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6 - 7 Months Gross Motor Skills |
Prone: Rolls from supine to prone, holds wt on one hand to reach for toy Supine: Lifts head Sitting: Lifts head and helps when pulled to sitting position, Gets to sitting position without assistance, sits independently Mobility: May crawl backward |
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6 - 7 Months Fine Motor Skills |
-Approaches objects with one hand -Arm in neutral when approaching toy -Radial-palmar grasp "Rakes" with fingers to pick up small objects -Voluntary release to transfer objects btwn hands |
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8 - 9 Months Gross Motor Skills |
Prone: Gets into hands-knees position Supine: Does not tolerate supine position Sitting: Moves from sitting to prone, Sits without hand support for longer periods, pivots in sitting Standing: Stands at furniture, Pulls to stand at furniture, Lowers to sitting position from supported stand Mobility: Crawls forward, Walks around furniture (Cruising) |
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8 - 9 Months Fine Motor Skills |
-Develops active supination -Radial-digital grasp -Uses inferior pincer grasp -Extends wrist actively -Points/Pokes with index finger -Release of objects is more refined -Takes objects out of container |
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10 - 11 Months Gross Motor Skills |
Standing: Stands without support briefly, Pulls to stand using half-kneel intermediate position, Picks up objects from floor from standing with support Mobility: Walks with both hands held, walks with one hand held, creeps on hands and feet (bear walk) |
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10 - 11 Months Fine Motor Skills |
-Fine pincer grasp -Puts objects into container -Grasps crayon adaptively |
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12 - 15 Months Gross Motor Skills |
-Walks without support -Fast Walking -Walks backwards -Walks Sideways -Bends over to look btwn legs -Creeps or hitches upstairs -Throws ball in sitting |
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12 - 15 Months Fine Motor Skills |
-Marks paper with crayon -Builds tower using two cubes -Turns over small container to obtain contents |
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16 - 24 Months Gross Motor Skills |
-Squats in play -Walks up/down stairs with one hand held -Propels ride-on toys -Kicks, Throws ball forward -Picks up toy from floor without falling |
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16 - 24 Months Fine Motor Skills |
-Folds paper -Strings beads -Stacks six cubes -Imitates vertical and horizontal strokes with crayon on paper -Holds crayon with thumb and fingers |
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2 Years Gross Motor Skills |
-Rides tricycle -Walks backwards -Walks on tiptoes -Runs on toes -Walks downstairs step-over-step -Catches large ball -Hops on one foot |
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2 Years Fine Motor Skills |
-Turns knob -Opens/Closes jar -Uses child-size scissors with help -Does 12-15 piece puzzles -Folds paper or clothes |
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PreSchool (3 - 4 Years) Gross Motor Skills |
-Throws ball 10 ft -Walks on a line 10 ft -Hops 2-10 times on one foot -Jumps distances of up to two ft -Jumps obstacles of up to 12 inches -Throws and catches small ball -Runs fast and avoids obstacles |
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PreSchool (3 - 4 Years) Fine Motor Skills |
-Controls crayons more effectively -Copies a circle or cross -Matches colors -Cuts w/ scissors -Draws recognizable human figures with head and two extremities -Draws squares -May demonstrate hand preference |
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Early School Age (5 - 8 Years) Gross Motor Skills |
-Skips on alternate feet and Gallops -Can play hopscotch -Balance on one foot -Controlled hopping -Squatting on one leg -Jumps with rhythm/control (jump rope) -Bounces a large ball -Kicks ball with greater control -Limbs growing faster than trunk allowing greater speed/leverage |
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Early School Age (5 - 8 Years) Fine Motor Skills |
-Hand preference is evident -Prints writing well -Starting to learn cursive writing -Able to button small buttons |
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Later School Age (9 - 12 Years) Gross Motor Skills |
-Mature patterns of mvmt in throwing, jumping, and running -Competition increases, enjoys competitive games -Improved balance, coordination, endurance, attention span -Boys may develop preadolescent fat spurt -Girls may develop prepubescent and pubescent changes in body shape (hips/breasts) |
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Later School Age (9 - 12 Years) Fine Motor Skills |
-Develops greater control in hand use -Learns to draw -Handwriting is developed |
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Adolescence (13+ Years) Gross Motor Skills |
-Rapid growth in size and strength, boys > girls -Puberty leads to changes in body proportions, center of gravity rises towards shoulders for boys and lowers to hips for girls -Balance and coordination skills, hand-eye coordination, endurance may plateau during growth spurt |
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Adolescence (13+ Years) Fine Motor Skills |
-Develops greater dexterity in fingers for fine tasks (Knitting, Sewing, Art, Crafts) |
