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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pathophysiology of Reyes syndrome.
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Swelling of mitochondria.
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DKA Rx.
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--IV insulin 0.1 U/kg/hr +/- bolus.
--add dextrose when glucose <250 --if pH<7.2, replace HCO3- --when ketones get clear or HCO3- >20, stop IV give SQ insulin. |
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Mediastinal mass: (4T)
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Thymona,
Thyroid CA Teratoma T cell lymphoma. |
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Lacunar cells?
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Hodgkin's
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70-75% kids w/ HTN have renal etiology.
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Check BUN and creatinine.
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Dx and Rx of Intussuception
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Barium enema
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Kids w/ known cardiac defect now present w/ fever, seizure, focal neurologic deficit.
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Dx: brain abscess. By brain CT.
Rx: surgical drainage and IV antibiotics. |
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Meconium ileus. Dx and Rx.
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Gastrografin enema.
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Contact dermatitis covering 15-20% of body surface.
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Rx: PO steroids.
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Infants w/ sinus tachycardia (QRS complexes w/ no preceding p waves).
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Initial best step= bag of ice on face for 5 sec.
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Rx of peritonsillar abscess.
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IV antibiotics (pnc; if allergic to pnc, try clindamycin and metronidazole).
Needle aspiration in ER setting. |
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Trisomy 13
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Patau syndrome.
Assoc w/ holoprosencephaly. |
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Infants w/ abd difficulties and CF hint:
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think meconium ileus.
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Alpha drugs given for nasal congestion can....
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have SE of rebound congestion and rhinitis medicamentosa.
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William syndrome.
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Overfriendly pt w/ supravulvular aortic stenosis.
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DiGeorge syndrome
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Assoc w/ truncus arteriosus and total anomalous pulmonary venous return.
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Rule of 10 of surgery of cleft lip.
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Age 10 wks
Wt 10 lb Hb 10. |
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Tx for tet spell of TOF
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knee chest position
phenylepherine drip oxygen |
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TOF pt complication dx.
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check O2 oximetry (e.g. pH 7.38 > ok, but if pt has metabolic acidosis> means not enough O2 to tissues)
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Normal newborn Hb
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50
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Polycythemia Hb
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>65
Congenital cyanotic disease of polycythemia (twin-twin transfusion, intrauterine hypoxia, DM infants) mostly asx but can get stroke. Dx: heel stick blood. Rx: partial exchange transfusion. |
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Reactive Mantoux and positive CXR in 2 yr old, management (next step)?
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Early morning gastric aspiration to ID acid fast bacilli swallowed at night.
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General rule: Gram neg rx?
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Cover w/ 2 antibiotics.
(e.g. CF pt w/ pneumonia (suspected pseudomona) needs 2 IV drugs w/ anti-pseudomonal activity like ceftazidime and tobramycin; or ticarcillin and tobramycin) |
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Precocious puberty w/ normal ht and wt, next step?
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XR of head and wrist.
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Rx of hypophosphatemic rickets
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Combined oral phosphate and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
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EKG characteristics of Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome?
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Short PR interval and delta waves w/ slow QRS upstroke.
Rx: ablation of bypass tract. |
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Neuroblatoma histology.
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small round cell tumor w/ Homer-Wright Rosettes.
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Sickle cell pt w/ dilute urine and dehydration.
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Think secondary enuresis.
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Decrease C3.
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SLE, membranoproliferative GN, Post strep GN
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Alport syndrome.
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--X linked D, AD, mutation
--Biopsy> glomerular sclerosis, lamellation of basement membrane (onion layers w/ breaks). |
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Most common cause of non-anion acidosis in kids.
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Diarrhea.
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Bartter syndrome
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(opposite of renal tubular acidosis type 4) hyper-renin, hyperaldosteronism, hypokelemia, normal BP, non-function Jexta-glomerular apparatus, hypocholeremic metabolic acidosis.
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Most common cause of ARF in kids
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Hemolytic-Uremic syndrome.
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No stool pass in nursery.
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Think CF, kid of DM (microcolon), Hirshsprung.
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All kids w/ rectal prolapse.
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Get sweat chloride test.
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Werdnig Hoffman.
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AR,
survival motor neuron gene (SMN) 5q13. |
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Pes cavum
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High arched foot,
peroneal muscle atropphy, recurrent ankle sprains |
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Allelic expansion (1 allele has too many copies) in ....
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Fragile X syndrome,
myotonic dystrophy, Huntington's chorea. |
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Physical examination of infant: continuous murmur heard best at upper left sternal border. Athrill, analogous to a kitten's purring, can be felt over the left side of chest. Dx?
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PDA
(ductus arteriosus, connecting pulmonary artery to aorta--to bypass lungs) |
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Signs and symptoms of PDA.
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-tachycardia or arrhythmia
-respiratory problem -SOB -systolic ejection murmur -enlarged heart -cyanosis |
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Normal ductus arteriosus.
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--when newborn takes its first breath, lungs opened and pulmonary pressure decreases below that of the left heart.
--lung release bradykinin to constrict the smooth muscle wall of DA and reduced bloodflow. --closes within 15 hours after birth. Completely sealed after 3 weeks. --becomes ligamentum arteriosum, remains in adult hearts. |
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PDA
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--common in infants w/ persistent respiratory problems (hypoxia). Hypoxic newborns---too little oxygen reach lungs to produce sufficient bradykinin to close DA.
--high occurrence in premature children. --allows oxygenated blood to flow down its pressure gradient from aorta to pulmonary arteries--> thus oxygenated blood not reach the body, and becomes SOB and cyanotic. Thus, heart rate hastens. --if left untreated, infants will suffer congestive heart failure (heart unable to meet metabolic demand of body). |
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Under what circumstances a PDA allow to be opened?
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In transposition of great vessels (pulmonary artery and the aorta).
PDA is the only way that oxygenated blood can mix w/ deoxygenated blood. --prostaglandins are used to keep PDA. |
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Rx of PDA.
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Fluid restriction and prostaglandin inhibitors (indometacin)
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Infants w/ petechiae.
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Mostly assoc w/ platelet disorder.
(e.g. normal bleeding and count, high PT ---> vit k deficiency). |