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171 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sail Sign
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When the inferior border of the thymus is straight appearing on a pediatric chest xray
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Failure to thrive and a non-anion gap acidosis in children of pts with a h/o of kidney stones
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Type 1 RTA
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Cause of acute unilateral lymphadenitis in small children without fever
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MCC: Staph aureus followed by GAS
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Cause of acute unilateral lymphadenitis in small children with a h/o periodontal dz
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peptostreptococcus (anaerobic)
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Cause of acute unilateral lymphadenitis in small children a/w fever, chills, HA and malaise
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Tularemia caused by Francisella tularensis
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MCC of infectious neonatal conjunctivitis and treatment
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Chlamydia and oral erythromycin for 14 days
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recurrent respiratory tract infxs (sinusitis, otitis media, PNA) b/w 6 -18 monhs with normal Tcell (CD3) count but low Bcell (CD19) count
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X-linked agammaglobuilnemia
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Cyanosis early in life and left axis deviation on EKG
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Tricuspic atresia
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erythematous papules and vesicles surrounded by patches of erythema that exhibit eosinophilia on microscoic examination in a newborn and management
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Erythema toxicum, no treatment necessary, it is benign
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Mammary gland enlargement and non-purulent vaginal discharge in newborn infants and management
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These physiologic response to transplacentally obtained maternal hormones and require only observation and routine care
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Expected weight and height changes in first year of life
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Weight triples
Height increases by 50% |
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Recurrent self-limiting epsodes of vomiting and nausea in children in the absence of any apparent cause and management
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Cyclical vomiting
Tx: anti-emetics and reassurance of parents |
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painless rectal bleeding in a young child and way to confirm dx
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Meckel's Diverticulum dx by a technetium-99m pertechnetate scan ("Meckel's scan)
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Acute renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (elevated LDH, indirect bilirubin, and retic count), fever, thrombocytopenia and schistocytes on peripheral smear in the setting of a recent diarrheal illness treated with Abx and causative agents
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Hemolytic Uremic Syndrom (HUS)
caused by O157:H7 E. choli, Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia and Campylobacter |
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Acute renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (elevated LDH, indirect bilirubin, and retic count), fever, thrombocytopenia and schistocytes on peripheral smear in the setting of a recent diarrheal illness treated with Abx and causative agents
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Hemolytic Uremic Syndrom (HUS)
caused by O157:H7 E. choli, Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia and Campylobacter |
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MCC of chronic inspiratory noise in infants
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Laryngomalacia or congenital flaccid larynx
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Inspiratory noise in an otherwise normal baby who is found to have an epiglottis that rolls from side to side on laryngoscopy and management
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Laryngomalacia
Mother should be reassured that most cases go away by 18 mo and she should hold the baby upright for at least 30 min after eating and should not feed the child while he is lying down |
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Treatment that has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality rates of patients with measles
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Vitamin A
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Erlenmeyer flask deformity of distal femur
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Gaucher's Dz
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Cells with a wrinkled paper appearance on bone marrow studies
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Gaucher's Dz
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Cherry red spot on retina and neurological sx at early age
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Tay-Sach's and Sandhoff's dz
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Ashkenazie adolescent with chronic fatigue, easy bruisability, bone pain and pathological fxs
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Gaucher's Dz
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Webbed neck, high palate, short fourth metacarpal, nail dysplasia, and lymphedema
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Turner's syndrome
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Papular, scaly rash on the eyebrows, nasolabioal folds and scalp and tx
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Cradle Cap/seborrheic dermatitis
moisturizers, antifungals, topical steroids |
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Episodes of LOC in children 6-18 mo old with no post-ictal states following frustration, anger or pain and management
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Breath holding spells
tell parents that they are benign and have no long term sequelae |
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Most common causative agents of acute otitis media and management
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S. pneumo, H. flu, M. catarrhalis and 10-day course of amoxacillin
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Recurrent sinopulmonary infections and a h/o Giardia beginning at 6 mo of age
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genetic B-cell deficiencies
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PPX recommendations for pts undergoing splenectoy
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Anti-pneumococcal, Haemophilus and meningococcal vaccines several weeks before the operation and daily oral PCN for 3-5 years s/p splenectomy
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APGAR scoring for color
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0- for blue body and extremities
1- for pink body and blue extremities 2- pink body and extremities |
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APGAR score for tone
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0- limp
1- some flexion of extremities 2- active flexion of extremities |
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APGAR score for nasal stimulation
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0- no reaction
1- grimace 2- active cough |
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APGAR score for respirations
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0- no cry
1- weak cry 2- good cry |
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APGAR score for pulse
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0- absent
1- <100 2- >100 |
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Most common manifestations of Polycythemia in neonates
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Respiratory distress, poor feeding (causing hypoglycemia), and neurologic manifestations
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Blueish-gray/gren/black flat skin lesion at the base of the spine that appears at birth in dark-skinned populations and management
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Mongolian spot
reassure parents that they will fade in several years |
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Adduction of the anterior foot with convex lateral border and concave medial border in a newborn and treatment
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Metatarsus adductus
I- when feet overcorrect with passive and active movements -> reassurance II- correct to neutral position -> orthosis III- rigid feet that do not correct-> serial casting |
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Fever, pharyngitis and posterior cervical LAD
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Infectious mononucleosis
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Cause of neonatal conjunctivitis and management:
Mild conjunctival irritation with tearing in first 24 hrs of life |
Chemical conjunctivitis from silver nitrate drops (used for gonococcal conjunctivitis ppx)
Resolves spontaneously in 24 hrs |
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Cause of neonatal conjunctivitis and management:
hyperacute and highly purulent in 2nd-5th day of life |
Gonococcal conjunctivitis
Ceftriaxone |
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Cause of neonatal conjunctivitis and management:
Congestion and scant mucoid or frankly purulent discharge in 5th-14th day of life |
Chlamydial conjunctivitis
Oral erythromycin rather than topical because systemic abx are needed to prevent chlamydial PNA |
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Recurrent sinopulmonary and GI infx and an anaphylactic transfusion rxn
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IgA deficiency (leads to the sinopulmonary infxs and GI infxs), the transfusion rxn is caused by the common Ab to IgA produced by these pts
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MCC of sepsis in sickle cell patients and pathogenesis
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Pneumococcus because of functional asplenism
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Proper time to screen for vision problems in children and the vision problens screened for
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Age 1-5 looking for strabismus, amblyopia and refractive errors
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CV abnormalities commonly seen in children with short stature, webbed neck, broad chest, wide-spaced nipples and low posterior hair line
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Coarctation of the aorta and bicuspid aortic valve
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Children with nocturnal vulvar itching, work-up and management
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Pin worms, scotch tape test then mebendazole or empiric mebendazole
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Infant p/w abdominal pain, vomiting and decreased appetite and fever, distant heart sounds and JVD on exam several weeks after surgery for congenital heart dz
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Postpericardiotomy syndrome
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Fine pink blanching papules on hte nexk and upper trunk that quickly generalizes with flexural acccentuation and is said to have a rough, sandpaper-like texture in children 2 days after a fever with HA, vomiting and sore throat.
??Offending agent |
Scarlet fever caused by a toxin-producing GAS
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Sudden onset of respiratory distress in an o/w normal child w/ cxr of hyperinflation of one lung, hypoinflation of the other lung and mediastinal deviation towards deflated side and management
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Foreign body aspiration
Visualization with laryngoscopy and rigid bronchoscopy |
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Primary amenorrhea, inguinal masses, breast development w/o pubic hair or axillary hair
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Androgen insensitivity syndrome
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# Jaundice that develops in the first few days of life in exclusively breastfed babies and elevated unconjugated bilirubin
# pathogenesis # management # dreaded complication to avoid |
# Breastfeeding jaundice
# Caused by increase enterohepatic circulation 2/2 inadequate enteral intake (not getting enough milk) # increased duration and frequency of feeding and re-evaluate bilirubin level in 12-24 hours # kernicterus (devastating neurological consequences) |
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Indications for surgery for an umbo hernia (5)
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1. if it persists to age of 3-4 yo
2. exceeds 2 cm in diameter 3. causes sx 4. becomes strangulated 5. enlarges progressively after age of 1-2 yo |
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Excessive crying for more than 3 hrs/day, more than 3 days/wk and more than 3 wks/mo betwee 3 wks and 4 mo of life
# management |
Infantile colic
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Inflammed, fluctuant cervical lymph nodes: cause and treatment
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Staphylococcal and streptococcal spp.
Dicloxacillin, cephalexin, clinda |
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Cyonotic spells, pansystolic murmur and a single S2 in a 4 mo old
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TOF
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Language developmental milestones
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# Social Smiles: 2 mo
# Babbles: 6 mo # 2 words, obeys 1-step command: 12 mo # 300 words, 2-3 word sentences, obeys 2-step command, stranger understand 50% of what they say: 2 years |
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Gross motor developmental milestones
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# Holds head: 3 mo
# Rolls back/front: 4 mo # Sits will unsupported: 6 mo # Walks alone: 12 mo # Walks up and down stairs w/o help: 24 mo |
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Fine motor developmental milestones
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# Raking grasp: 6 mo
# Throws object: 12 mo # Builds tower of 2 blocks: 15 mo # Builds tower of 6 blocks/turns pages: 24 mo |
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Social developmental milestones
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# Recognizes parents: 2 mo
# Recognizes strangers: 6 mo # Imitates action/comes when called: 12 mo # Plays with other children: 18 mo # Parallel play: 24 mo |
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Unwitnessed LOC followed by hemiparesis and management
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Todd's paralysis, a post-ictal state, function usually returns spontaneously w/i 24 hrs
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Risk factors for DDH, confirmatory dx, and management
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# Risk factors: Caucasian, female, first-born, breech position, f/h of DDH
#Confirmatoary dx: us if < 4 mo, xray if > 4 mo # management: hip harness, spica cast or surgery |
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Most common cause of acute diarrhea in kids (esp b/w 6 mo and 2 yrs)
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Rotavirus
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Irritability, poor appetite, HA, abdominal pain and anemia
# treatment |
Lead poisoning
Calcium EDTA for moderate to severe Oral succimer for mild or moderate |
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Prominent jaw, long ears and large testicles and mental retardation
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Fragile X caused by increase number of CGG trinucleotide repeats in hte FMR1 gene
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Vasomotor collapse and skin rash in a pt with meningeal signs
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome = adrenal hemorrhage after meningococcemia
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Adverse outcomes a/w HSP
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Intussusception
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Thrombocytopenia, eczema and recurrent bacterial infections
# cause of low platelets |
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Decreased platelet production |
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Hallmarks of Kawasaki's dz
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Fever for > 5 days plus 4 of:
1. bulbar conjunctival injection 2. desquamation of the finger and toe tips 3. erythema, fissureing, and crusting of the lips, strawberry tongue and diffuse mucosal injection of the oropharynx 4. morbilliform truncal exanthem 5. cervical LAD |
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Treatment of Kawasaki's dz
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Hospitalization for IVIG and high dose aspirin
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Potential longer term complications of untreated Kawasaki's dz
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Coronary artery aneurysms
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Conditions a/w with a childhood h/o RSV infx
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Asthma
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Pregnancy complications in mothers who are currently or formerly anorexic
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1. miscarriage
2. IUGR 3. hyperemesis gravidarum 4. premature birth 5. c-section 6. post partum depression |
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Hypoxemia refractory to high FiO2 in a pt who was intubated for sepsis
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ARDS
Add PEEP |
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Management of proteinuria in children
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Should first be confirmed on 2 separate occasions b/c proteinuria can commonly be merely transient caused by fever, exercise, seizures, stress or volume depletion
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Management of pt w/ asymmetric moro reflex and crepitus over the clavical, who suffered shoulder dystocia during birth and born to a mother with GDM
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Clavicular fx are common in this situation and usually heal on their own
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Complications seen in SGA babies
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1. Hypoxia -> polycythemia
2. hypoglycemia 3. hypothermia 4. hypocalcemia |
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Generalized erythema, superficial flaccid blisters, positive Nikolsky sign preceded by a prodrome of fever and irritability
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Staphyloccocus scaled skin syndrome
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Bilious vomiting, abdominal distention and "triple bubble" on abdominal xray of a newborn
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Jejunal atresia
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Non-bilious vomiting in a 4-8 week old infant
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Pyloric stenosis
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Bilious vomiting, abdominal distention and bloodstained stools in a child less than 1 month old
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Midgut volvulus
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Four findings of X-linked/Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
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1. Frequent bacterial infections in the first 5 years of life
2. Serum IgG, IgM, and IgA values at least 2 SD below the mean for age 3. Absent isohemagglutinins or poor response to vaccines 4. Less than 2% CD19+ B cells in peripheral circulation |
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Difference b/w common variable immune deficiency (CVID) and XLA
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Low Ig levels are not as profound as in XLA and there is a normal amount of circulated CD+ B cells and they aren't symptomatic until later in life
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Low levels of IgG, normal levels of IgA and variable levels of IgM in an child 6-11 months old
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Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy
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Recurrent sinopulmonary infections and PCP pneumonia in a child with high IgM levels and low IgG and IgA levels
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Hyper-IgM syndrome
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Pt w/ Down Syndrome with upper motor neuron findings
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Atlantoaxial instability
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Seizure, hypotension and prolonged QRS
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Suspect TCA intoxication; Acute treatment is NaBicarb which corrects the acidosis and narrows the QRSs;
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Treatment for enuresis
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Behavioral modifications. If they don't work, desmopressin
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MC type of mutation responsible for CF
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Deletion (of 3 bp encoding for phenylalanine- DF508)
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Unilateral, tender gynecomastia in a 14 yo boy and management
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Pubertal gynecomastia (happens in 50% of the pop);
# reassurance |
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GI malformations common in Down Syndrome
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Duodenal atresia (MC)
Hirschprung's Dz Puloric stenosis Malrotation |
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Cardiac malformations common in Down Syndrome
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Endocardial cushion defects
VSD PDA |
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The preventive measure that dramatically decreases risk of SIDS
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Having infants sleep supine
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Test to order in an infant who p/w NB projectile vomiting who has a palpable mass and a visible peristaltic wave in the upper abdomen
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Abdominal ultrasound
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Test to order in an infant who p/w NB projectile vomiting who has a palpable mass and a visible peristaltic wave in the upper abdomen
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Abdominal ultrasound
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Management of a child who shows reluctance to potty training
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Stop attempts for several months and allow the child to become interested on his/her own
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Bursts of successive and rapid coughing with a loud inspiratory noise, sometimes followed by vomiting which all started 1 week after URI with congestion, rhinorrhea and sneezine
# management |
This is the paroxysmal stage of pertussis
# tx is macrolide at any stage of the illness |
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Child who p/w easy bruisability and petechiae with a recent h/o a viral illness or live virus vaccination who has a normal Hb, WBC, PT and PTT
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Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
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8 manifestations of CF
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1. anemia
2. heat intolerance 3. steatorrhea 4. wheezing 5. recurrent infections 6. hemoptysis 7. clubbing 8. rectal prolaps |
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8 manifestations of CF
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1. anemia
2. heat intolerance 3. steatorrhea 4. wheezing 5. recurrent infections 6. hemoptysis 7. clubbing 8. rectal prolapse |
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CT scan in a neonate showing dilation of the entire ventricular system with distinct enlargement of the subarachnoid space over the cortex
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SAH (MCC of communicating hydrocephalus)
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Cause of most adverse reactions to the DTaP vaccine
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the pertussis component
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Contraindications to further administration of DTaP
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1. an immediate anaphylactic reaction
2. encephalopathy 3. any CNS complication w/i 7d of vaccination |
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A 7 day old infant that p/w 2 days of jaundice, poor feeding, vomiting, altered activity and no fever
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Suspect neonatal sepsis and obtain LP and blood cutures
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Recommended management of a child with sickle cell anemia who p/w sx of a stroke and reasoning for it
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Exchange transfusion. The occlusion is caused by sludging of the blood, rather than by a thrombus. The transfusion will decrease the amt of sickled RBCs and prevent a 2nd infarct.
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Guidelines for active immunization with the varicella vaccine
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1. all healthy adults and children exposed to varicella w/i 3-5 days of exposure
2. for immunocompromised people, immunosuppressed people or pregnancy women get varicella IVIG w/i 72 hours of exposure # for both categories, if outside those windows, wait 2 wks. If they do not develop sx, then vaccinate. |
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Excessive drooling, choking, coughing and cyanosis during feedings early in life
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TEF
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Bilious vomiting w/o abdominal distention in a neonate
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Duodenal atresia
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Increased gastric residual volume in a preterm neonate
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Necrotizing enterocolitis
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Correct test to order to screen a male infant w/ projectile vomiting, normal BMs, and urine with a mousy odor
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Guthrie urine test for phenylketonuria
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Pathogenesis of PKU
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deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase, which is the enzyme that converts Phe into Tyr, causing an accumulation of Phe
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Description of capillary hemangiomas
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Benign vascular tumors of childhood that appear during the first weeks of life, initially grow rapidly and typically regress by 5-8 yo. Composed of capillaries separated by connective tissue.
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A newborn infant that becomes cyanotic and short of breath during feedings but turns pink when he is crying
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Choanal atresia
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Long term neurological sequelae a/w bacterial meningitis
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1. hearing loss
2. loss of cognitive function (2/2 neuronal loss in the dentate gyrus) 3. seizures 4. Mental retardation 5. Spasticity or paresis |
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Important parameter to monitor in infants with DiGeorge syndrome
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Serum calcium levels
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Syndrome that would cause dehydration, vominting, poor feeding and ambiguous genitalia.
# how to dx |
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, specifically 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
# check urine for 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone levels |
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Blunting of the renal calices and focal parenchymal scarring in a pt with a h/o of recurrent UTI 2/2 vesicoureteral reflux
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Chronic pyelonephritis
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Intermittent fever, osteitis, osteochondritis, mucocutaneous lesions, LAD, hepatomegaly and persistent retinitis in the first year of life
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Congenital syphillis
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Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus and intracranial calcifications
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Congenital toxoplasmosis
*** look for a mother with risk of exposure to cats |
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1 yo F w/ feeding problems since birth, delayed development (still not walking talking, sat up at 8 mo) with short stature and a HUGE head
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NF1
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Evidence of multiple fractures in different stages of healing
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Child abuse or OI; send type 1 collagen assay
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MCC of endocarditis after dental procedures
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members of the S. Veridans group: S. mitis, S. sanguis, S. mutans, and S. Salivarius
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Bacteria that commonly cause dental carries
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S. mutans
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Common cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis
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S. epidermidis
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Evidence of multiple fractures in different stages of healing
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Child abuse or OI; send type 1 collagen assay
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Approach to a 18 mo child with a UTI and AAP recommendations
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Voiding cystourethrogram or randionuclide cystogram looking for VUR
AAP recommends such testing for any child w/ first UTI from 2-24 mo |
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Tx for strep throat in pts allergic to PCN
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Azithromycin
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Tx for children who p/w with localized/early Lyme dz
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In children < 9 yo: Amoxicillin (not doxy b/c it can causes skeletal and dental problems)
In children > 9 yo: Doxy |
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Recurrent bacterial, viral and fungal infxs in a child with no palpable lymph nodes, tonsils that are not visualized and an absent thymic shadow on CXR
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Severe combined immune deficiency
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Petechia, bruises, bleeding from circumcision site, or bloody stools from birth
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Wiskott-Aldrich
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Appropriate management of a pt who is a known IVDU and who is anti-HCV positive
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Check HBV serologies and vaccinate if pt is unvaccinated and not infected
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Small baby with smooth filtrum, sunken nasal bridge, small eye openings, thin upper lip
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Fetal alcohol syndrome. Will also see CNS abnormailities
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Cause of early decelerations
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Vagal response to fetal head compression
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Cause of late decelerations
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Uteroplacental insufficiency -> fetal hypoxia -> fetal acidosis
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Cause of variable decelerations
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Fetal cord compression
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Normal thyroid pattern in pregnancy
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Increased total T4 becuase elevated estrogen causes an increase in TBG;
Normal TSH, beta-hCG stimulates TSH receptors increasing T3 and T4, but TSH stays wnl |
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Approach to people who are in very close contact to a person who is positive for pertussis
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PPX with 14 days of erythromycin or another macrolide regardless of vaccination status + a vaccination according to the normal schedule (no additional vaccine)
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Approach to child with a risk of lead exposure who has an elevated lead lever on fingerstick.
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# confirmatory venous sampling
# if venous sample is high, remove child from that environment # initiate chelation tx if > 45 # If levels are only mildly elevated, recheck in one month |
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Aproach to a child with a septic joint
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Immediate surgical drainage and induction of empiric Abx. In an infant, start IV nafcillin or vanc + 3rd gen ceph. In a child > 5 yrs, nafcilling or vanc is sufficient
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Sensorineural deafness, cardiac abnormalities (PDA, ASD), and cataracts with purple lesions
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Congenital Rubella Syndrome; the lesions are called "blueberry muffin spots"
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A pt who had a normal birth hx who slowly develops muscle weakness, muscle wasting, temporal wasting, thin upper lip in shape of inverted V and delayed relaxation of muscles
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Myotonic myscular dystrophy, AKA Steinert dz.
2nd MC type of muscular dystrophe in the US. It is unique in that all types of muscle are involved |
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Diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever
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Evidence of a previous GAS infx (ASO) and either 2 major or 1 major + 2 minor criteria (Jones)
Major: 1. Migratory polyarthritis 2. Sydenham chorea 3. subcutaneous nodules 4. erythema marginatum Minor: 1. arthralgia 2. fever 3. elevated acute phase reactants 4. prolonged PR interval |
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Vomiting, lethargic, agitated and uncooperativity in a child who was treated for a viral infx w/ salicylates. Labs: elevated serum ammonia, prolonged PT and +/- AST, ALT and Bili
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Reye syndrome
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Finding on a chest xray in a girl with Turner Syndrome, COA and a continuous murmur heard over the upper chest
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Rib notching 2/2 to the development of collateral b/w the hypertensive and hypoperfused vessels as evidence by the murmer
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MCC of anemia in sickle cell patients
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Hemolysis
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Appropriate management of a pt in respiratory distress 2/2 to COPD exacerbation refractory to initial standard therapy
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Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is better than intubation because of less complications
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Infant with reactive airway dz that is refractory to bronchodilators and are more symptomatic when lying down and better with next extension
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Vascular ring such as a double aortic arch, right-sided aorta, pulmonary sling or anomalous left carotid artery or innominate artery
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Difference b/w Marfan's and homocystinuria
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Homocystinuria = Marfan's features +mental retardation + thromboembolic events + downward displacement of the lense
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Method of inheritance of homocystinuria and pathogenesis and diagnosis
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Autosomal recessive; caused by cystathionine synthase deficiency; elevations of methionine and homocysteine
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Sudden onset of respiratory distress, high fever, stridor in a child that is sitting up, bending forward and drooling and managment
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Epiglottitis 2/2 H. flu A, parainfluenza, S. pneumo, S. Aureus and GAS (in the post-HIB vaccination era); most important first step endotracheal intubation and be prepared for trach
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Self-mutilation in the presense of dystonia;
# mode of inheritance # pathogenesis |
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
# X-linked recessive (only males) # deficiency in Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) |
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Gout in a boy
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Lesch-Nyhan
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Epistaxis in an adolescent male, a localized mass and bony erosion in the back of the nose
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Angiofibroma until proven otherwise
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Newborn with FTT, b/l cataracts, jaundice, and convulsions
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Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase deficiency
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Male child who previously met milestones who suddenly loses social and language skills
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Childhood disintegrative d/o
Can also see loss of bowl/bladder control, play or motor skills |
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Young child w/ several day h/o fever and facial rash in the setting of a recent dx of atopic dermatitis who has numerous umbilicated vesicles over erythematous skin and LAD
# managment |
Eczema herpeticum give acyclovir
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A child with poor feeding, irritability, vomiting and decreased activity who has a bulging fontanelle and tense bulging scalp veins with widely space sutures
# management |
CT scan of the head
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MCC of acute sinusitis in childhood
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S. pneumo
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Young child w/ several day h/o fever and facial rash in the setting of a recent dx of atopic dermatitis who has numerous umbilicated vesicles over erythematous skin and LAD
# managment |
Eczema herpeticum give acyclovir
|
|
|
A child with poor feeding, irritability, vomiting and decreased activity who has a bulging fontanelle and tense bulging scalp veins with widely space sutures
# management |
CT scan of the head
|
|
|
MCC of acute sinusitis in childhood
|
S. pneumo
|
|
|
Young child w/ several day h/o fever and facial rash in the setting of a recent dx of atopic dermatitis who has numerous umbilicated vesicles over erythematous skin and LAD
# managment |
Eczema herpeticum give acyclovir
|
|
|
A child with poor feeding, irritability, vomiting and decreased activity who has a bulging fontanelle and tense bulging scalp veins with widely space sutures
# management |
CT scan of the head
|
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|
MCC of acute sinusitis in childhood
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S. pneumo
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Poor sucking followed by muscle spasms and hypertonicity in a pt who has a swollen and tender umbilical cord cord
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Tetanus
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Delayed separation of umbilical cord, necrotic periodontal infections, recurrent cutaneous and sinus infections, leukocytosis and nuetrophilia
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Leukocyte adhesion defect
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Histologic appearance of liver in Reye syndrome
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Fatty vacuolization
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Approach to a child with acquired torticollis
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First step is neck xray to r/o cervical spine fracture or dislocation b/c it would require extreme caution
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Cause of megaloblastic anemia in sickle cell pts
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Folic acid deficiency- because of the high RBC turn over, the demand for RBC building blocks is high
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Indications for evaluating an infant w/ neonatal jaundice (6)
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1. Jaundice that appears in the first 24-36 hrs of life
2. Serum bili rising at a rate faster than 5/24hrs 3. Serum bili > 12 in full-term or 10-14 in preterm infants 4. Jaundice that persists after 10-14 days of life 5. presence of signs or sx 6. conjugatic hyperbili > 2 |
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Characteristics of benign murmurs in children (6)
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1. Asymptomatic pt
2. Intensity < 2/6 3. Normal S2 4. No audible clicks 5. Normal pulses 6. No other abnormalities |
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2 day old infant that does not move his left hand and has miosis and ptosis of the left eye
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Klumpke paralysiscaused by too much traction on the left arm during delivery that injures the 7th and 8th cervical nerve and 1st thoracic
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2 day old infant with an absent moro reflex on the left but intact grasp
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Erb-Duchenne palsy caused by injury to the 5th and 6th cervical nerve
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