Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Glaucoma treatment
|
Acute:
Acetazolamide Mannitol Pilocarpine Beta blockers Long-term: Iridotimy |
|
Viral conjunctivitis
|
Viral:
Bilateral Itchy Lymphadenopathy Bacterial: Unilateral Purulent discharge |
|
Which nerve roots are affected in Erb-duchenne and klumpke's palsy? what is the clinical presentation
|
Erb-duchenne: C5-c6
Waiter's tip Klumpke's: C7-C8 +/- T1 Claw hand +/- Horner's syndrome |
|
How can you differentiate mongolian spots from child abuse?
|
Mongolian spots are sharply demarcated
|
|
Migratory erythematous rash with papules, appears 24 hrs after birth, with eosinophils on scraping
|
Erythema toxicum
|
|
Cataracts in infancy
|
Galactosemia
Congenital rubella |
|
Branchial cleft cyst vs. thyroglossal duct cyst
|
Branchial cleft: Lateral to midline
Thyroglossal duct cyst: In midline |
|
Fair skin, fair haired infant with musky smell and mental retardation
|
PKU
|
|
Baby with cataracts, mental retardation, and e. coli sepsis
|
Galactosemia
|
|
Best initial test for respiratory distress syndrome in newborn
|
Initial: Chest Xray (ground glass opacity; air bronchograms)
|
|
Baby with bilious vomiting from the first feeds
|
Duodenal atresia
|
|
Pre-term baby with bloody stools and pneumatosis intestinale
|
Necrotizing enterocolitis
|
|
Physiologic jaundice
|
Not present in first 24 hours of life
Peaks by days 3-5, resolves by 2 weeks Indirect hyperbilirubinemia |
|
Most common organisms causing sepsis in newborn (4)
|
GBS
E. coli Listeria |
|
Treatment for neonatal sepsis
|
Ampicillin and gentamicin
|
|
MRI in CMV vs. toxoplasmosis
|
CMV - Periventricular calcifications
Toxoplasmosis - Scattered |
|
Signs of thiamine (B1) deficiency
|
Beriberi:
Neuritis Heart failure Encephalopathy |
|
When do hands go to midline, head lag disappears, roll over onto back?
|
4 months old
|
|
When do babies have social smiles and coo?
|
2 months old
|
|
Rolls over both ways, turns body to reach things, tripod sitting?
|
6 months old
|
|
Baby sits unsupported, has pincer grasp, plays peekaboo
|
9 months
|
|
Cruising and walks when you hold their hand, at least 1 word
|
12 mos
|
|
3 cube tower
4 cube tower 7 cube tower |
3 tower cube - 15 months
4 tower cube - 18 months 7 cube tower - 24 months |
|
Walk on their own
|
15 months
|
|
Runs, 10 words, say no
|
18 months
|
|
Can handle spoon, helps undress, *2 words
|
24 months
|
|
Knows age and gender
|
3 yrs old
|
|
Counts 4 objects, copies square, group play, toilet trained
|
4 yrs
|
|
Skipping
|
60 mos
|
|
Live attenuated vaccines (3)
|
MMR
Varicella Nasal influenza |
|
Baby boy with pyogenic infections, small lymph nodes, low levels of all Ig types
Diagnosis and treatment? |
Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
Treatment: IVIg |
|
Recurrent infection in boy or girl, normal lymphoid tissue, normal B-cell numbers but don't make Ig
|
CVID
|
|
Recurrent sinopulmonary infections (strep and Hib) and episodes of diarrhea (giardia)
|
Selective IgA deficiency
|
|
Baby with hypocalcemic seizure, abnormal facial features, truncus arteriosus, thymic and parathyroid hypoplasia
|
DiGeorge
|
|
Boy with petichiae, eczema, recurrent infections, normal lymph nodes, low IgM
|
Wiskott-Aldrich
|
|
Which 3 organisms cause periorbital cellulitis
|
Strep pneumonia
Staph aureus Hib |
|
Murmur of ASD
|
Wide, fixed split of S2
Systolic ejection murmur |
|
Tetralogy of fallot
|
Pulmonary stenosis
VSD Overriding aorta RVH |
|
Systolic ejection murmur at left sternal border, single S2
|
Tetralogy of fallot
|
|
Machine like murur with wide pulse pressure/bounding pulses
|
Patent ductus arteriosus
|
|
Complications of PDA
|
Respiratory infections, endocarditis
|
|
Complications of ASD
|
Arrhythmias
Paradoxical emboli from DVT |
|
Hearing loss, sudden syncope, family history of early cardiac death, normal physical exam
|
Congenital long QT syndrome
|
|
CHF and respiratory distress in an infant with hypertension in arms and weak pulses in legs
|
Coarctation of aorta (associated with Turner's syndrome)
|
|
3 holosystolic murmurs
|
Mitral regurgitation
Tricuspid regurgitationO VSD |
|
Presentation of 21-hydroxylase deficiency (CAH)?
|
Presentation:
1. Electrolyte abnormalities (Low Na, Cl, glucose; High potassium 2. Ambiguous genitalia in girls; loss of secondary sex characteristics in males |
|
How is 21-hydroxylase deficiency diagnosed?
|
Elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone
|
|
Criteria for kawasaki's disease (4)
|
Fever for more than 5 days
Conjunctival changes (strawberry tongue, cracked lips) Extremity changes (edema, desquamation) Cervical lymph node >1.5 cm |
|
Treatment for dog/cat bites
|
Amoxicillin/clavulinate (for pasteurella)
|
|
Infant who appeared normal at birth gradually develops hypotonia, apathy, sluggish movement, large tongue, abdominal bloating and umbilical hernia
|
Congenital hypothyroidism
|
|
Persistent oral thrush, lymphadenopathy, diarrhea, hepatosplenomegaly in the first month of life
|
HIV
|
|
Marfan's features + mental retardation + strokes +downward lens dislocation
|
Homocystinuria
|
|
Treatment of homocystinuria
|
Vitamin B6
|
|
Child with sore-throat, fever, pericarditis, arthritis, chorea, subcutaneous nodules, arthritis, and erythema marginatum
|
Rheumatic fever (group A strep)
|
|
What 3 features differentiate hyper-IgM syndrome from other hypogammaglobulinemias?
|
1. Opportunistic sinopulmonary infections
2. Neutropenia 3. High IgM, low IgA and IgG |
|
Recurrent sinusitis, bronchiectasis, and dextrocardia
|
Kartenager's syndrome
|
|
What type of liver problem causes these findings?
Balloon degeneration with polymorphic cellular infiltrates |
Balloon degeneration with polymorphic cellular infiltrates: Alcoholic hepatitis
Panlobular mononuclear cells infiltrates with hepatic cell necrosis: Acute viral hepatitis Extensive fatty vacuolization of liver: Reye's syndrome Portal piecemeal necrosis and/or bridging fibrosis: Chronic active hepatitis Inflammatory destruction of small intrahepatic biliary ducts: Primary biliary cirrhosis |
|
What is the most likely cause of limping in these age groups?
Birth to 3 yrs 4-12 years Older than 12 |
Birth to 3: Hip dysplasia
4-12 yrs: Legg-Calve-Perthes Over 12: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis |
|
Jones criteria for rheumatic fever
|
Joints (migratory polyarthritis)
Carditis Erythemia marginatum Subcutaneous nodules Sydenham's chorea |
|
Describe the skin changes in scarlet fever (3)we
|
Sand-paper rash
Circumoral pallor Strawberry tongue |
|
What is the pattern of appropriate height and weight gain?
|
Weight:
Double birth weight by 6 mos Triple birth weight by 1 year Height: Increased 50% by 1 year Doubles by 4 years |
|
Normal development until 6 months of age, then regress. Develop seizures, hypotonia, blindness, and cherry red macula.
|
Tay-Sachs (beta-hexosaminosidase deficiency)
|
|
Mental retardation
Blindness Deafness Paralysis Peripheral motor and sensory neuropathy Seizures |
Krabbe's disease (beta-galactosidase deficiency)
|
|
Angiokeratomas
Peripheral neuropathy Asymptomatic corneal dystrophy |
Fabry's disease (alpha-galactosidase deficiency)
|
|
Most common cause of sepsis and osteomyelitis in sickle cell
|
Sepsis - Strep pneumonia
Osteomyelitis - Salmonella |
|
Most common cause of leukocoria (white reflex)
|
Retinoblastoma
|
|
Unilateral conjunctivitis with purulent discharge
|
Bacterial
|
|
What 2 things do you use a fluroscein stain for?
|
Keratitis
Corneal abrasions |
|
Which murmurs radiate to:
Axilla Back Neck |
Axilla: Mitral
Back: Tricuspid and pulmonic Neck: Aortic |
|
What is CHARGE syndrome?
|
Coloboma, CNS anomalies
Heart defects Atresia of the choanae Retardiation of growth/development Genital/urinary defects Ear anomalies, deafness |
|
Aplastic anemia, poor growth, morphologic abnormalities, macrocytic anemia, skin signs
|
Fanconi anemia
|
|
What are the differences between osteogenic and ewing's sarcoma in histology and xray
|
Histology:
Osteo: Spindle cell-producing osteoid Ewing: Undifferentiated small cell of neural origin X-ray: Osteo-Sunburst Ewing - Onion skin (lytic with periosteal elevation) |
|
What is the difference in complement levels between glomerulonephritis and minimal change disease?
|
Glomerulonephritis: Low C3, C4
Minimal change disease: Normal C3, C4 |
|
Which infection is associated with minimal change disease?
|
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
|
|
What is WAGR syndrome?
|
Wilms tumor
Aniridia Genitourinary anomalies Mental retardation |
|
Large head and tongue, visceromegaly, omphalocele, low glucose and high insulin
|
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
|
|
What are 3 differences between congenital hypothyroidism and beckwith-weidemann syndrome?
|
Congenital hypothyroidism has:
1. Inguinal hernia, not omphalocele 2. Large head, not small 3. No hypoglycemia or hyperinsulinemia |
|
Child with fever, drooling, refusing to lie down, hot potato voice
|
Eppiglotitis
|
|
Treatment for eppiglotitis
|
1. Intubate
2. Ceftriaxone 3. Rifampin for close contacts |
|
Stages and treatment for whooping cough
|
1. Catarrhal stage (congestion and rhinorrhea): Macrolide
2. Paroxysmal stage (severe coughing, inspiratory whoop, vomiting) 3. Convalescent: Decreased frequency of coughing Also - respiratory isolation and macrolides for close contacts |
|
Bacteria:
Gram positive diplococci Gram positive cocci in clusters Gram negatice cocci Gram positive rods (2) Gram negative rods (4) |
Gram positive dipplococci - Strep pneumonia
Gram positive cocci in clusters - Staph Gram positive rods: Listeria and bacillus Gram negative cocci - Neisseria Gram negative rods - Pseudomonas, H. influenza, klebsiella, legionella |
|
3 features of McCune-Albright syndrome
|
The 3 P's
Precocious puberty Pigmentation Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia |
|
Itchy dermatitis, recurrent skin and respiratory staphylococcal infections, eosinophilia, coarse facial features, bone fractures
|
Hyper-IgE (Job's) syndrome
|
|
Patient with recurrent lymphadenitis, liver abscesses, osteomyelitis at multiple sites, unusual infections with catalase positive organisms (s. aureus, aspergillus, serattia)
|
Chronic granulomatous disease
|
|
Which immunodeficiency presents with these infections:
H influenza, strep pneumonia, and giardia Gonorrhea and neisseria Viral and fungal infections Aspergillus, staphylococcus |
H influenza, strep pneumonia, giardia: Selective IgA deficiency
Gonorrhea and neiseria: Complement deficienvy Viral and fungal: T-cell deficiency Aspergillus, staphylococcus: CGD |
|
Which crosses the midline - Cephalohematoma or caput succedanum
|
Caput suddenacem
|
|
Triad of congenital rubella
|
Deafness
Cardiac defects Cataracts |
|
What is the difference in presentation between gonococcal and chlamydia conjunctivitis?
|
Gonococcal is days 2-5, more severe, purulent drainage
Chlamydia is days 5-14, milder, watery discharge |
|
How do you differentiate between tay-sach's and neimann-pick's?
|
Neiman-Pick's has hepatosplenomegaly and cervical lymphadenopathy
|
|
How do you differentiate the 2 major causes of delayed meconium passage?
|
Hirschprung: Normal meconium, at rectosigmoid colon
Meconeum ileus: Inspissated meconium, at level of ileum |
|
Young child with recurrent URIs and nasal polyps
|
Cystic fibrosis
|
|
Cyanosis shortly after birth with a single and loud S2
|
Transposition of the great vessels
|
|
Treatment for slipped capital femoral epiphysis
|
Urgent surgical fixation
|