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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Turner Syndrome (XO)
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SX.
- primary amenorrhea (menarche has not occured by age 16) - webbed neck - little or no breast devel. - short stature - inc carrying angle of arms - may present w/ lymphedema of hands & feet in newborn ASSOCIATIONS - congenital heart dx (coarctation of aorta) ---NO mental retardation |
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Molluscum Contagiosum
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ETIOLOGY
- poxvirus SX. - crops of flesh-colored papules w/ central dimple - local spread unless IC TX. - can last 2yrs w/o - Tretinoin cream - Imiquimod cream |
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Croup
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ETIOLOGY
- viral infxn - in kids 3mo-3yr SX. (wax & wane) - "steeple sign" - resp illness w/ swelling of pharynx and narrowing of trachea - low fever, Seal-like cough |
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Tinea corporis (body)
Tinea facei (face) Tinea pedis (foot) Tinea cruris (groin) |
- ringworm
ETIOLOGY - Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton species - more common in kids TX. - OTC creams miconazole, clotrimazole, tolnaftate, terbinafine - Rx antifungals ketoconazole, ciclopirox, naftifine |
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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
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SX.
- occur after age 1 - clumsy gait - muscle weakness - Gower sign (awkard, stepwise process to stand) - lordosis - neck flexor weakness, "head lag" - Xp21 deletion causes absent Dystrophin |
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Neurofibromatosis Type 1
(Von Recklinghausen's dx) |
- AD
SX. - cafe-au-lait spots - axillary/inguinal freckling - Lisch nodules (iris hamartomas) - optic glioma - neurofibromas - 1st degree relative w/ NF-1 COMPLICATIONS - cognitive, learning deficits - neoplasms - scoliosis - HTN - Pseudoarthritis |
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Mongolian Spots
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- gray spots
- caused by melanocyte entrapment in dermis - present @ birth, will fade (<7 yrs) - more common asians, blacks - NO risk malignancy |
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Hemangioma
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- up to 10% infants
- red or blue macule (can be raised) - resolution on own in 2-10yrs COMPLICATIONS - ulceration - disfiguration (lips, nose, eye) - resp distress (subglottic) |
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Sturge - Weber Syndrome
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- purple spot
- cutaneous distribution following trigeminal nerve division ---only "port wine" stains involving ophthalmic division @ risk for neuro-ocular sx - seizures!! - cognitive difficulties - Glaucoma later in infancy maybe - CT show ipsilateral cerebral atrophy, & vascular calcifications |
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Acanthosis Nigricans
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- sign of insulin resistance in kids/teen
SX. - brown, velvety, hyperkeratotic patches of skin on post. neck, axilla, groin - common in obese pts COMPLICATIONS - inc risk for Type 2 Diabetes TX. - behavior change - fasting blood glucose screen |
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Tuberous Sclerosis
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SX.
- adenoma sebaceum (small, fatty pimple like papule in malar distribution) - white spots on skin - Shagreen patchs (thickened plaque w/ cobblestone texture) rare - Seizures >80% - mental retard 60% - intracranial calcifications 50% - periungal fibromas - tubers in brain on MRI scan (WM) |
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CMV Infxn
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- part of "TORCH" infxns (Toxoplasmosis, Other [syphilis], Rubella, CMV, HSV)
- MOST COMMON congenital viral infxn - majority asymptomatic, if sx at birth--> high incidence neuro prob. - infxn in mom-->highest risk to baby SX. ("SHIT CM^3") - Sensineural hearing loss - hepatosplenomegaly - intrauterine growth retard. (IQ also) - thrombocytopenia - cerebral calcifications - chorioretinitis - conjugated hyperbilirubinemia - microcephaly |
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Aspiration
--> Esophagus (coronal plane orientation) --> Trachea (sagittal plane orientation, think "slot machine") |
- if obstructing bronchus will see atelectasis (collapse of lung tiss) and mediastinal shift toward side of aspiration
- see hyperinflation of non-affected bronchus - most foreign bodies NOT seen on film |
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Cutaneous Larva Migrans
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- "creeps w/ serpiginous sweeps"
- contract this hookworm from larvae in dog/cat feces - confined to epidermis SX. - pruritis - raised, pink serpiginous tracts - usually leg and butt TX. - Albendazole - Ivermectin - topical Thiabendazole |
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Periorbital swelling/redness/fever
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Etiology depends on factors...
FACTORS 1. bacterial sinusitis (pneumococcus, non-typable H.flu, M. catarrhalis) 2. spread from contiguous skin break or conjuctivitis (S. aureus, grp A strep) 3. hematogenous spread (H flu type B) WHEN ORBITAL INVOLVEMENT? - proptosis (bulging eye) - chmosis (swelling conjuctiva) - limitation of EOM - visual loss COMPLICATIONs - orbital, brain abscess TX. - R/O Meningitis!! - Ceftriaxone - Vancomycin |
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Hand - Foot - Mouth dx
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- coxsackievirus "coxsackie is in the backy of the throat"
- low fever, malaise, dec appetite, - oral lesions = ulcers w/ red halo - skin lesions = begin as small red macules turning into vesicles on red base --> if only oral lesions present then process is HERPANGINA |
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Herpatic Whitlow
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SX.
- vesicles/ pustules on swollen finger - tender - lesions around lips possible - assoc fever, lymphadenopathy common TX. - Acycolivir |
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Bollous Myringitis
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- ear pain & fever
- red bollous obscures TM - culprits usually noraml Otitis Media pathogens (step pneum, H flu nontypable, M catarrahalis) - usually ruptures providing instant relief |
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Pertussis
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- prolonged coughing spells, inspiratory whoop
- fever if resp complications COMPLICATIONS - apnea - pneumonia - weight loss - seizures, death TX. - immunize - Azithromycin - Trim/sulfa - hospitalize to monitor resp |
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Nursemaid's elbow
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- result of pulling on outstretched arm, radius moves distally, slipping through annular lig, when traction release radial head recoils trapping part of lig b/w it and distal humerus
TX. (2methods) 1. supination of forearm followed by flexion at elbow 2. hyperpronation -->click at radial head = success |
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Epiglottitis
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- H flu type B, dramatic reduction now w/ Hib vaccine
- sudden onset w/ rapid progression SX. - inflammed phayrnx & epiglottis - abrupt fever - sever throat pain - drooling - anxiety - SOB TX. - need to intubate by specialist |
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Tinea capitis
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- caused by Trichophyton tonsurans
- in black kids - "black-dot alopecia" - usually seborrheic lesionson scalp TX. - unlike other tinea CANT use topical steroids - Griseofulvin (drug of choice) |
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Shingles
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- Varicella Zoster virus
- usually seen in adults, and IC pts - less common in kids (usually kids who had chickepox <1) - preceded by chickenpox - painful red lesions back, face TX. - acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir - IV acyclovir in IC pts - prevent w/ varicella vaccine in kids and zoster vaccine in adults |
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Kawasaki dx
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- medium vessel vasculitis
- inc risk in asians & males SX. "C's" - calor - cracked lips - cervical lymphadenopathy - convalescent hand/feet desquamation - coronary artery aneurysm (20%) - conjuctivitis - "strawberry tongue" - rash |
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Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
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- small vessel vasculitis, IgA deposits
SX. - palpable purpura - Afebrile - abdominal pain (colicky) - arthritis - acute renal dx common TX. - supporive care, reassurance, watch for Renal involvment |
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Erb Palsy
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-brachial plexus injury due to traction on delivery (C5, C6)
- arm hangs in "waiter tip position" - absent deep tendon reflexes Tx. - wait 7-10 days, then PT, splint - usually complete recovery in few months of life |
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Fifth's dx (Erythema infectiosum)
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- Parvoviruse B19
- "Slapped Cheek dx" - less common in kids Sx. "FRAM" - Fever - Rash - Arthritis - Muscle aches |
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Cephalohematoma
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- lumps on head
- due to hematomas below periosteum - usually over parietal bone - newborn scalp edema (caput) can make hard to Dx COMPLICATIONS - hemorrhages - jaundice - secondary anemia - infxn if overlying skin broken |
