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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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To the most common craniocerebral injuries in children belongs:
- scull fracture - epidural bleeding - subdural bleeding - cerebral concussion |
To the most common craniocerebral injuries in children belongs:
- scull fracture+ - cerebral concussion+ |
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Intracranial bleeding in children is diagnosed by means of:
- neurological examination - X-rax examination - CT scan - MRI examination |
Intracranial bleeding in children is diagnosed by means of:
- neurological examination+ - CT scan+ |
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Closed traumatic pneumothorax in children is diagnosed by means of:
- inspection - auscultation - X ray examination - videothoracoscopy |
Closed traumatic pneumothorax in children is diagnosed by means of:
- auscultation+ - X ray examination+ |
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Closed traumatic pneumothorax in children is treated:
- by surgery (thoracotomy) - continual chest suction - one-step chest suction - inside the pediatric intensive care unit |
Closed traumatic pneumothorax in children is treated:
- continual chest suction+ - inside the pediatric intensive care unit+ |
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To the essential procedures for diagnosis of the lung contusion belongs:
- X ray examination - CT scan - videothoracoscopy - USG examination |
To the essential procedures for diagnosis of the lung contusion belongs:
- X ray examination+ - CT scan+ |
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To the essential treatment methods for the lung contusion belongs:
- surgery (thoracotomy) - bronchoscopy with blood suction - videothoracoscopy - artificial pulmonary ventilation |
To the essential treatment methods for the lung contusion belongs:
- bronchoscopy with blood suction+ - artificial pulmonary ventilation+ |
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Abdominal injury in children is diagnosed by:
- clinical examination only - clinical and USG examination - clinical and laboratory examination - laparoscopy |
Abdominal injury in children is diagnosed by:
- clinical and USG examination+ - clinical and laboratory examination+ |
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Pancreatic injury in children is diagnosed by:
- USG examination - laboratory examination - X ray examination - clinical examination only |
Pancreatic injury in children is diagnosed by:
- USG examination+ - laboratory examination+ |
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Hepatic injury in children is diagnosed by:
- USG examination - laboratory examination - X ray examination - clinical examination only |
Hepatic injury in children is diagnosed by:
- USG examination+ - laboratory examination+ |
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Hepatic injury in children is treated:
- nonoperative only - nonoperative in the first choice - by surgery on principle - surgery is indicated in haemodynamically unstable patients only |
Hepatic injury in children is treated:
- nonoperative in the first choice+ - surgery is indicated in haemodynamically unstable patients only+ |
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Splenic injury in children is diagnosed by:
- USG examination - CT scan - X ray examination - clinical examination only |
Splenic injury in children is diagnosed by:
- USG examination+ - CT scan+ |
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Splenic injury in children is treated:
- nonoperative only - nonoperative in the first choice - by surgery on principle - surgery is indicated in haemodynamically unstable patients only |
Splenic injury in children is treated:
- nonoperative in the first choice+ - surgery is indicated in haemodynamically unstable patients only+ |
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Renal injury in children is diagnosed by:
- USG examination - CT scan - laparoscopy - urine test only |
Renal injury in children is diagnosed by:
- USG examination+ - CT scan+ |
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Renal injury in children is treated:
- nonoperative only - nonoperative in the first choice - by surgery on principle - surgery is indicated in hemodynamically unstable patients only and in children with urine extravasation |
Renal injury in children is treated:
- nonoperative in the first choice+ - surgery is indicated in hemodynamically unstable patients only and in children with urine extravasation+ |
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Intestinal traumatic perforation in children is diagnosed by:
- USG examination - laparoskopy - clinical examination - X ray examination (standing plain view) |
Intestinal traumatic perforation in children is diagnosed by:
- clinical examination+ - X ray examination (standing plain view)+ |
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Intestinal traumatic perforation in children is treated:
- surgery is indicated in haemodynamically unstable patients only - nonoperative in the first place - by surgery on principle - surgical revision, primary suture, intestinal resection or enterostomy |
Intestinal traumatic perforation in children is treated:
- by surgery on principle+ - surgical revision, primary suture, intestinal resection or enterostomy+ |
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Open abdominal injury in children is/are treated:
- nonoperative only - by surgery on principle - surgery is indicated only in case of eventration of intestine - even small penetrating injury requires surgical revision |
Open abdominal injury in children is/are treated:
- by surgery on principle+ - even small penetrating injury requires surgical revision+ |
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„Second-look“ operation means:
- examination of another surgeon - assumed surgical revision within 48 hours from the first surgery - is indicated in case of expected important change of surgical finding - is indicated in each primary surgical revision for intraabdominal injury |
„Second-look“ operation means:
- assumed surgical revision within 48 hours from the first surgery+ - is indicated in case of expected important change of surgical finding+ |
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What is the difference between growing skeleton and adult skeleton:
- the growing skeleton is constituted mainly by cartilaginous tissue - the growing skeleton isn´t visible on X-ray - the growing skeleton has the potential to grow - the growing skeleton has the potential to remodel the acquired deformities |
What is the difference between growing skeleton and adult skeleton:
- the growing skeleton has the potential to grow+ - the growing skeleton has the potential to remodel the acquired deformities+ |
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What is the difference between growing and adult skeleton:
- the growing skeleton is more elastic, than the adult one - fractures of the growing skeleton is healed predominantly by an endosteal callus formation - the articular ends of the growing bones are predominantly cartilaginous - the growing skeleton is more resistant to trauma |
What is the difference between growing and adult skeleton:
- the growing skeleton is more elastic, than the adult one+ - the articular ends of the growing bones are predominantly cartilaginous+ |
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The potential to remodel the acquired deformities in the growing skeleton depends on:
- patient´s age - patient´s gender - distance between the fracture line and the growth plate - patient´s height and weight |
The potential to remodel the acquired deformities in the growing skeleton depends on:
- patient´s age+ - distance between the fracture line and the growth plate+ |
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Among the typical fractures of the growing skeleton are counted:
- bowing fracture - Monteggia laesion - metaphyseal torus fracture - spiral fracture |
Among the typical fractures of the growing skeleton are counted:
- bowing fracture+ - metaphyseal torus fracture+ |
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Which fractures are typical for a growing skeleton:
- fractures of the articular surface - diaphyseal long bone fractures - greenstick fractures - physeal injuries |
Which fractures are typical for a growing skeleton:
- greenstick fractures+ - physeal injuries+ |
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Which parts of the growing skeleton are least resistant to trauma?
- diaphysis - metaphysis - growth plate - periarticular ligaments |
Which parts of the growing skeleton are least resistant to trauma?
- metaphysis+ - growth plate+ |
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Among the typical sequels of the fractures of the growing skeleton are counted:
- disturbance of growth - growth arrest - arthrosis - nonunion |
Among the typical sequels of the fractures of the growing skeleton are counted:
- disturbance of growth+ - growth arrest+ |
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Treatment of the Children´s fractures:
- is predominantly nonoperative - is predominantly operative - it is necessary to obtain a full stable osteosynthesis - in case of osteosynthesis, the minimally invasive access is prefered |
Treatment of the Children´s fractures:
- is predominantly nonoperative+ - in case of osteosynthesis, the minimally invasive access is prefered+ |
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Through the growth plate is allowed to insert:
- smooth implant (Kirschner wire) only - no more than two screws - compression plate - insertion of any implants is avoided, if it is possible |
Through the growth plate is allowed to insert:
- smooth implant (Kirschner wire) only+ - insertion of any implants is avoided, if it is possible+ |
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External fixation in Children´s fractures is indicated:
- almost never - in the compound fractures - its indication spectrum is varied - no indication in pediatric skeletal traumatology can be found |
External fixation in Children´s fractures is indicated:
- in the compound fractures+ - its indication spectrum is varied+ |
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Growth plate:
- is a cartilaginous structure - is a fibrous structure - there are on both proximal and distal ends of long bones - there is only on the distal end of long bones |
Growth plate:
- is a cartilaginous structure+ - there are on both proximal and distal ends of long bones+ |
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Which fractures can acceptable remodel the acquired deformities?
- fractures displaced „ad latus“ - fractures displaced „ad axim“ - fractures displaced „ad peripheriam“ - displaced intraarticular fractures |
Which fractures can acceptable remodel the acquired deformities?
- fractures displaced „ad latus“+ - fractures displaced „ad axim“+ |
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Which fractures are indicated for osteosynthesis primarily?
- all displaced fractures - displaced intraarticular fractures - displaced compound fractures - displaced physeal injuries |
Which fractures are indicated for osteosynthesis primarily?
- displaced intraarticular fractures+ - displaced compound fractures+ |
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Compartment syndrome in children:
- doesn´t need any special care, it heales spontaneously - it is treated only by cooling and elevating of the injured extremity, pain is solved by pain-killers - it´s always necessary to release all surgical dressing - intrafascial pressure above 30 mm Hg indicates adequate fasciotomy |
Compartment syndrome in children:
- it´s always necessary to release all surgical dressing+ - intrafascial pressure above 30 mm Hg indicates adequate fasciotomy+ |
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Compartment syndrome in children:
- is diagnosed by X-ray - is diagnosed by means of clinical signs - is diagnosed by means of intrafascial pressure measuring - is diagnosed by angiography |
Compartment syndrome in children:
- is diagnosed by means of clinical signs+ - is diagnosed by means of intrafascial pressure measuring+ |
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Compartment syndrome in children:
- it doesn´t occur in childhood - it can be found only in compound fractures - it is necessary to keep it mind in all fractures - it is even possible to cause it iatrogenicly |
Compartment syndrome in children:
- it is necessary to keep it mind in all fractures+ - it is even possible to cause it iatrogenicly+ |
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Diaphyseal fracture of the clavicle:
- it is rare in childhood - it belongs to the most frequent fractures in childhood - in childhood it is treated nonoperatively on principle - there is indication for osteosynthesis in displaced fractures even in childhood |
Diaphyseal fracture of the clavicle:
- it belongs to the most frequent fractures in childhood+ - in childhood it is treated nonoperatively on principle+ |
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Supracondylar fracture of humerus:
- it is rare in chidhood - it belongs to the most frequent fractures in childhood - in childhood it is treated nonoperatively on principle - displaced fractures in childhood are treated mostly operatively |
Supracondylar fracture of humerus:
- it belongs to the most frequent fractures in childhood+ - displaced fractures in childhood are treated mostly operatively+ |
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Supracondylar fracture of humerus in children:
- there is a risk of associated injury of peripheral (nn. radialis, ulnaris and medianus) - there is a risk of progress of compartment syndrome - it is a trivial fracture in children - treatment is based only on a plaster cast |
Supracondylar fracture of humerus in children:
- there is a risk of associated injury of peripheral (nn. radialis, ulnaris and medianus)+ - there is a risk of progress of compartment syndrome+ |
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Supracondylar fracture of humerus in children:
- in case of associated injury of peripheral nerves the operative revision is indicated in all events - associated injury of peripheral nerves is almost in all cases the axonotmesis - associated injury of periferal nerve is tretaed nonoperatively almost in all cases - concomitant peripheral nerve injury is characterized by disruption of the nerve |
Supracondylar fracture of humerus in children:
- associated injury of peripheral nerves is almost in all cases the axonotmesis+ - associated injury of periferal nerve is tretaed nonoperatively almost in all cases+ |
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Supracondylar fracture of humerus in children:
- axial deformity of the elbow can arise as a sequel of the injury (cubitus varus) - it isn´t a serious injury; the sequels aren´t expected - it put patients in danger of compartment syndrome - open reduction has better results, that the closed one |
Supracondylar fracture of humerus in children:
- axial deformity of the elbow can arise as a sequel of the injury (cubitus varus)+ - it put patients in danger of compartment syndrome+ |
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Fracture of vertebral body in children:
- surgical treatment is always indicated - spinal cord injury is always present - it is a simple and stable injury in most cases - conservative treatment in almost all cases is indicated |
Fracture of vertebral body in children:
- it is a simple and stable injury in most cases+ - conservative treatment in almost all cases is indicated+ |
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Proximal femoral fractures in children:
- are frequent - displaced fractures require surgical treatment - put patients at risk of avascular necrosis of femoral capital epiphysis - only conservative treatment is indicated |
Proximal femoral fractures in children:
- displaced fractures require surgical treatment+ - put patients at risk of avascular necrosis of femoral capital epiphysis+ |
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Fractures of femoral diaphysis in children:
- are classified according to Salter-Harris schedule - age plays the deciding role in treatment - in case of osteosynthesis the elastic stable intramedullary nailing is preferable - osteosynthesis is indicated on principle, regardless of age |
Fractures of femoral diaphysis in children:
- age plays the deciding role in treatment+ - in case of osteosynthesis the elastic stable intramedullary nailing is preferable+ |
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„Polytrauma“:
- is indicated by level of 16 points of GCS - is indicated by level of 16 points of ISS - in children the surgical treatment is always indicated - is a life-threatening condition |
„Polytrauma“:
- is indicated by level of 16 points of ISS+ - is a life-threatening condition+ |
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Closed reduction in pediatric traumatology:
- is performed strictly on the operation theatre - is performed under general anesthesia - is performed using myorelaxantion - is performed in local anesthesia |
Closed reduction in pediatric traumatology:
- is performed under general anesthesia+ - is performed using myorelaxantion+ |
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Birth fractures:
- are always pathological - are very frequent even in developed countries - are treated strictly conservatively - most common location is collar bone |
Birth fractures:
- are treated strictly conservatively+ - most common location is collar bone+ |
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CAN syndroma:
- is on the decline nowadays - is in fact only a social diagnosis - there are multilocular long-bone fractures in various stage of healing on X-ray - each long bone fracture in a baby without satisfying explanation from parents must be suspicious |
CAN syndroma:
- there are multilocular long-bone fractures in various stage of healing on X-ray+ - each long bone fracture in a baby without satisfying explanation from parents must be suspicious+ |
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Compound fractures are:
- classified according to Gustilo Anderson schedule - classified according to Salter and Harris schedule - classified according to AO schedule - classified accordind to Tscherne schedule |
Compound fractures are:
- classified according to Gustilo Anderson schedule+ - classified accordind to Tscherne schedule+ |
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Compound fractures in children are treated:
- always with antibiotics - surgical stabilisation of fragments is always indicated - in case of osteosynthesis the external fixation is usually a method of choice - nonoperative treatment is unacceptable |
Compound fractures in children are treated:
- always with antibiotics+ - in case of osteosynthesis the external fixation is usually a method of choice+ |
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In treatment of fractures in children the antibiotics are used:
- always - in some indicated cases only (protected blood clot) - in out-patient departement only - the initial dose is administered intravenously |
In treatment of fractures in children the antibiotics are used:
- in some indicated cases only (protected blood clot)+ - the initial dose is administered intravenously+ |
