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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomical considerations that contribute to airway obstruction in children?
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1. Large tongue
2. Tongue is positioned higher in the oral cavity 3. Rostrally positioned larynx 4. Lymphoid hypertrophy |
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What is the name for the volume of gas remining in the lung after a normal expiration?
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Functional Residual Capacity
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What is the narrowest part of the trachea in the adult? child?
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Adult: The Glottis
Child: Cricoid cartilage |
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What 3 factors contribute to a 1% incidence of post operative croup?
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1. Child between 1 and 4 years old
2. Changing head position 3. Endotracheal tube that is too larg |
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Why is the pediatric Cardiac Output largely dependent on heart rate?
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Because the pedo patient has limited ability to alter the stroke volume
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The fact that the parasympathetic system dominates the myocardium in the pedo patient can be seen with what event?
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Increased incidence of Bradycardia
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Why can't a child overcome bradycardia to maintain their blood pressure (and thus their brain perfusion!)
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BP = CO x PVR
Children can't alter PVR very well, thus BP is dependent on CO which is in turn largely dependent on heart rate, hence bradycardia is bad. |
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Why is it okay to allow pediatric patients unlimited amounts of clear liquids up to 2 hours prior to anesthesia?
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Clear liquids empty from the stomach rapidly and their consumption decreases the risk of hypotension
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What 4 drugs can be used in the case of an emergency procedure on a patient who has eaten?
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1. Cimetidine
2. Metoclopramide 3. Sodium Citrate 4. Glycopyrrolate |
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Why wouldn't you use atropine on a patient who has eaten prior to anesthesia?
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It decreases the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter, predisposing to esophageal reflux
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T/F Rhinitis is an absolute contraindication to general anesthesia
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False. Try waiting for a little kid to stop having a runny nose before you can do something. I. Dare. You.
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T/F: A heart murmur heard during diastole is normal and nothing to be concerned about
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False. Diastolic murmurs are always pathologic
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What is the incidence of pregnancy when randomly testing girls between the ages of 12 and 21?
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Approximately 0.5%
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Where on a child can you gain intravenous access in the case of an emergency?
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Femoral Vein
Intraosseous access |
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What are the 4 anatomic regions used for IM drug administration in children?
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1. The deltoid muscle (shoulder)
2. Vastus Lateralis (lateral thigh) 3. Ventrogluteal area (The hip) 4. Superior lateral aspect of the gluteus muximus (booty shot) |
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How does an intranasal application of medication provide a direct connection to the CNS?
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Absorption thru the cribriform plate directly in the CNS thru capillary bed, olfactory neurons, or directly into CSF
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Administration of diazepam via what route is considered acceptable for the treatment of seizures?
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Rectal administration
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What are the 4 classifications of cerebral palsy?
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1. Spastic
2. Athetoid 3. Ataxic 4. Mixed |
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Which type of cerebral palsy is most commonly associated with mental impairment?
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Spastic
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What is the incidence of epilepsy in patients with spastic cerebral palsy?
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Seen in 35% of these patients
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Is succinylcholine contraindicated in patients with cerebral palsy?
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NO
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Is succinlycholine contraindicated in patients with muscular dystrophy
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YES YES YES
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What condition present in up to 25% of patients with Down Syndrome may necessitate a small diameter endotracheal tube?
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Subglottic Stenosis
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What spine condition present in up to 20% of patient with Down syndrome is a contraindication to even routine treatment?
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Atlanto-axial instability
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What percentage of patients with Down Sydrom have an associated congenital heart disease?
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40%
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What are the 2 most common forms of muscular dystrophy? How do they differ?
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Duchenne's and Becker's
Becker's is milder with a later onset and slower progression |
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Why is SCh contraindicated in patients with muscular dystrophy?
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It can cause rhabdomyolysis with a resultant hyperkalemia
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