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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Compared to adults, children have a higher or lower:
-Metabolic rate -Oxygen consumption -Respiratory rate -Respiratory reserve |
Metabolic rate: higher
Oxygen consumption: higher Respiratory rate: higher Respiratory reserve: lower |
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Are the neonatal lungs mature at birth?
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NO!
The neonatal lungs are still subdividing |
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What is the difference between neonatal and mature respiratory muscle fibers? What is an implication of this for metabolism?
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Less type 1 fibers
Have more oxygen demand |
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Why is it a bad idea to let a baby get cold/a cold?
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They have a very narrow airway to begin with...if it's cold, their airway is going to shut down!
HIGH RESISTANCE! |
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Do babies breathe mostly through their mouth, nose, or equally through both?
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Through their nose
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What is unique about the neonatal chest? What are implications of this for respiration?
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Still cartilagenous
Diaphragm goes out while breathing, ribs go in |
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When does asthma first develop in a child?
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During preschool
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Do most kids who wheeze develop asthma?
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NO!
There's something called transient wheezing that happens |
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What are risk factors for adult asthma?
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Parent with asthma
Severity in childhood Eczema Allergic rhinitis Aeroallergens |
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If someone develops asthma earlier, is it more likely to be benign or severe?
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Severe
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What percent of people with asthma as a kid have it as an adult?
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50%
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What is bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)?
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Lung disease of preemies
Various degrees of impaired alveolar growth, airways disease |
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What are the manifestations of BPD?
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Persistent need for O2
Tachypnea Wheezing, airway narrowing |
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What are the treatments for a preemie with BPD?
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Steroids
Surfactant therapy Better mechanical ventilation Diuretics |
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What prenatal factors predispose a child to BPD?
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Chorioamnionitis
Fetal infection Maternal drug use |
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What kinds of PFT irregularities do you see in an older child who has had BPD?
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Decreased: FVC, FEV1, TLC, FRC, FEF(25-75)
Increased: RV |
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How do you screen an infant for CF?
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Heel-stick blood sample
Immuneoreactive trypsinogen (elevated in CF infants) Genotyping Sweat testing |
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If you see a baby with a bolus of poop stuck in its intestine, what should you immediately think of?
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CF
Meconium ileus |
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What kind of nutrition should you give to kids with CF?
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LOTSO FAT!
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