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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the leading cause of death in infants? |
Congenital Anomalies
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What is the leading cause of death in toddlers?
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Age 1-44 Accidental Injury (drowning specifically)
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Signs and Symptoms of Erythema Infectiosum? (Fifth Disease)
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Slapped face appearance (Butterfly sign in Europe)
Macromolecular red spots on upper and lower extremities. Rash subsides but appears with heat, cold, friction. |
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Put Erikson's stages in chronological order.
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Trust vs. Mistrust (0-2)
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (2-4) Initiative vs. Guilt (4-5) Industry vs. Inferiority (5-12) Identity vs. Role Confusion (13-19) |
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What is the leading cause of death in adolescents?
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Age 1-44 Accidental Injury (vehicular injury specifically)
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What angle is a SQ injection made at?
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45*
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What is an important teaching point in insulin injections?
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Rotate sites and know onset times.
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What behavioral interventions are used for autism?
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Creating a structured schedule and limiting changes.
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You are caring for a patient who has contracted mumps. Which protective gear would you utilize?
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Gloves
Gown (if procedure) Mask |
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Name Appropriate toys for toddlers.
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Toys you can push and bang on.
Kitchen utensils Blocks Clay Boxes |
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Name what a child should be able to do at the age of 3 in terms of motor development.
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ride tricycle
jump off of a step stand on one foot for a while |
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Name what a child should be able to do at the age of 4 in terms of motor development.
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Skip
Throw ball over head |
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Name what a child should be able to do at the age of 5 in terms of motor development.
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Jumpe Rope
Walk Backward Move up and down stairs easily |
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How many words should a toddler know?
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400
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When should a child exhibit the pincer grasp?
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8months old
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1. When does the posterior fontanel close?
2. When does the anterior fontanel close? |
1. 2-3 months
2. 12-18 months |
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How much should a child head circumference grow the first 6 months of life?
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0.6cm per month the first 6 months.
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When should a child double in height?
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2 years old
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Name what a child should be able to do at the age of 2 in terms of motor development.
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Walk up and down stairs
build tower 6-7 tall |
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Name what a child should be able to do at the age of 2.5 in terms of motor development.
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Jump on both feet for a second
Draw circles (has good hand-finger coordination) |
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The 3 P's are associated with what kind of Diabetes?
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Type 1 DM
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How fast does a infant grow (height) the first 6 months?
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1in per month
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How fast does a toddler grow (height) per year?
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3 in per year
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Name appropriate play techniques for a preschooler
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Playing ball
Puzzles Tricycles Dress-up Painting |
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Name formula for determining how many teeth a child should have.
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The child's age in months minus 6.
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what age group is the appropriate time to start limit setting?
Toddler Newborn Preschool School age |
Toddlers
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Name developmental milestones for a 7 y/o.
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Develops concept of time.
Group play often with same gender. Repeats tasks to master them. |
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When should you begin to see eruption of teeth?
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6-9 months of age
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When should permanent teeth start coming in and finish coming in?
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They should start coming in around 6 and finish around 10.
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Nutrient requirements for preschoolers.
calcium iron fiber |
Calcium = 500-800mg
Iron = 10mg Fiber = 19 mg up to age 3 and then 25mg from 4-8yrs |
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DM type 2 might be recognized by what symptom?
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Acanthiosis Nigricans (occurs in 90% of children)
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How much fruit juice should a child consume daily?
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4-6 oz.
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Name Factors that increase chances of being obese.
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Parents are obese.
Using food as a reward. Parents who make their child "clean up the plate". |
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What is considered normal vitals in an infant?
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Temp 36.5-37.0
Heart rate 120-140 Respirations 30-60 up to 80 sometimes BP 65/41 |
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What is considered Apnea in a infant?
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No breathing for >20 seconds
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Name the symptoms of hypoglycemia.
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Shallow or normal respirations
Moist membranes glucose lvl <60 normal output diplopia tremors normal breath smell rapid onset |
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Name the symptoms of Hyperglycemia.
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Gradual onset
lethargic Kuusmall respirations Dry crusty membranes Glucose lvl >250 3 P's Blurred vision Fruity breath smell Decreased reflexes, paresthesia |
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Which of the following pain scales would be MOST appropriate for a 5 year old recovering from an abdominal surgery? CRIES. NIPS. Bieri-Modified. Visual Analog Scale.
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Beiri-Modified. A 5 year old would be expected to be able to recognize and choose the appropriate picture relating to their pain level.
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What are the Cardinal Signs of Diabetes Mellitus?
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Polydipsia
Polyurea Polyphagia The 3 P's |
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What are the ages appropriate for these pain scales? CRIES. NIPS. FLACC. Wong-Baker. Visual Analog Scale.
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CRIES / neonates
NIPS / <1 yo FLACC / 2mo-7yr Wong-Baker / >3yo VAS / >7yo |
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What is the main risk factor for lead toxicity in children?
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Living in homes build before 1978. Lead particles can also contaminate the soil outside of the homes.
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Place the following assessments in order for a 1 year old. BP. Temp. RR. Pulse.
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First Respirations
Second Apical HR Third Blood Pressure (if applicable) Measure temperature LAST 9Most invasive and distressing.) |
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At what age is it appropriate to use a recumbent length during assessment?
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< 36 months.
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To assess the ear of a child younger than 3, how should the ear be positioned?
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Pull the pinna down and back.
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Where should the pulse be taken in children younger than 2 years?
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Apically. The radial pulse cannot reliably be palpated in children younger than 2.
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When should Blood pressures be measured in children younger than 3?
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Hypertension, ED and ICU patients, and high-risk infants.
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What are signs of juvenile hypothyroidism?
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Dry skin
Constipation Sleepiness/Lethargy Mental Decline (Also may see growth failure, delayed puberty, and excessive weight gain) |
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What are signs of juvenile hyperthyroidism (Grave's Disease)?
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Fair skin
Diarrhea Hyperactivity Short attention span Exophthalmos |
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What can interfere with thyroid hormone replacement drug absorption?
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Soy, Iron, Calcium, or Aluminum supplements.
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When should baby teeth erupt?
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6-8 months.
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What are ways SIDS can be prevented?
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Lay baby on back
Get a snug, firm mattress No loose items in crib |
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When should head lag disappear?
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3 Months
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How should temper tantrums be dealt with?
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Make sure the child is safe and ignore it.
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By when should birth weight double?
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6 months
(5 Months ATI) |
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What are important teaching points for toddler nutrition?
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Provide healthy food choices
Let children choose Don't make them "clean their plate" |
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What is an important teaching point for hypothyroid medicines?
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Take them at the same time everyday with the same food to make sure the same amount of hormone is maintained. Don't D/C drug therapy; thyroid levels are important for growth and development.
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When should permanent teeth start to erupt?
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6 years of age.
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What are the 3 stages of separation anxiety?
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Protest
Despair Detachment |
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What are useful interventions for separation anxiety?
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Give the child choices
Accept regressive behavior Allow for mobility and play |
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Name nutritional need for school age children.
Calories protein calcium Fluids |
70 calories per kg
28g of protein 800 mg calcium 2L of water daily |
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1. A BMI over 85% is considered what?
2. A BMI over 95% is considered what? |
1. Overweight
2. Obese |
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What nursing intervention BEST meets a major developmental need of a newborn in the immediate postoperative period?
Giving a pacifier to the infant? Putting a mobile over the infant's crib Providing the infant with a soft, cuddly toy Warming the infant's formula before feeding |
Giving a pacifier to the infant.
An infant a few days old is too young to focus well on a mobile; in addition, the newborn will be placed in a side-lying position postoperatively and thus would not be able to see the mobile. |
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A parent and 3-month-old infant are visiting the well-baby clinic for a routine examination. What should the nurse include in the accident prevention teaching plan?
Remove small objects from the floor. Cover electric outlets with safety plugs. Remove toxic substances from low areas. Test the temperature of water before bathing. |
Test the temperature of water before bathing.
Although infants are capable of putting small things in their mouths, they are not yet able to crawl and probably will not be placed on the floor. |
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A nurse is teaching a parents how to prevent accidents while caring for a 6-month-old infant. What ability should be emphasized about the new infant's motor development?
Sits up Rolls over Crawls short distances Stands while holding on to furniture |
Rolls over
Crawling takes place at about 9 months of age. |
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The nurse is assessing the oral cavity of a 6-month-old infant. The parent asks which teeth will erupt first. How should the nurse respond?
Incisors Canines Upper molars Lower molars |
Incisors
The bottom incisors are the first teeth to erupt at about 6-8 months of age. |
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A nurse is teaching a class of new parents how to position their infants during the first few weeks of life. Which position is the safest?
On the back, lying flat On either side, Lying flat Head slightly elevated on the left side Head slightly elevated on the right side |
On the back, lying flat.
This position offers the lowest risk for SIDS. |
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A parent arrives in the ER with a 3-month old. She states "my baby stopped breathing for a while". The infant continues to have difficulty breathing with prolonged periods of apnea. Which assessment data would suggest SBS?
Birth occured before 32 weeks' gestation Lack of stridor and adventitious sounds Previous episodes of apnea lasting 10 to 15 seconds Retractions and use of accessory respiratory muscles |
Lack of stridor and adventitious breath sounds
A common sign of SBS is apnea without stridor or adventitious sounds, resulting from CNS trauma. |
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The nurse is teaching a parent group about the reason for adhering to the immunization schedule. What complication of mumps is important for adolescents to avoid?
Sterility Hypopituitarism Decrease in libido Decrease in androgens |
Sterility
Mumps can cause orchitis (inflammation of the testes) in males and ooporitis (inflammation of the ovaries) in females. Although rare, both can render the postpubescent child sterile. |
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Age appropriate toys for a 1 year old.
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Rattles
Mobiles Teething Toys Balls |
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In what order do the following changes occur in males? Pubic hair.
Gentilia growth. Axillary Hair. Growth Spurt. Downy hair on upper lip. Voice changes. Increase in testes and scrotum size. |
Testes and Scrotum growth.
Pubic Hair Growth of genitalia Axillary hair Downy hair on upper lip Change in voice Growth spurt |
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In what order do the following changes occur in females? Pubic hair.
Menses. Breast buds. Growth Spurt. |
Growth Spurt.
Breast buds. Pubic hair. Menses. |
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Discrepancies between the injury and the explanation should warn the nurse that:
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Abuse may have occurred.
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Toddler risk factors for anemia?
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Cow's milk before 1 year, mom with diabetes, and iron deficiencies.
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amen |
amen |
