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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Malrotation
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incomplete rotation of intestine during fetal dev
axis = superior mesenteric artery incomplete rotation (most common) vs nonrotation predispose to midgut volvulus |
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Cleft lip
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failed medial nasal and maxillary processes to join
assocated maternal drug abuse, genetics feeding problem seen in van der woude syndrome |
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Cleft palate
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if isloated, occurs in midline
also see missing teeth, ear infection, hearing loss |
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esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula
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most common type is proximal esophageal atresia and fistual between distal esophagus and trachea
drooling, choking, coughing, cyanosis with feeding |
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esophageal duplication cyst
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most common fore-gut duplication cyst
smooth muscle wall lined with epithelium |
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esophageal web
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composed of mucosa and submucosa - extension due to remnant of embryonic development - failed re-canalization of esophagus
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hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
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most common in 1st borne male child
increased incidence in blood groups B an O nonbilious forceful vomiting after feed dehydration and alkalosis thickness >4mm pyloric channel length >14mm |
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duodenal atresa
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most common after esophageal atresa
higher incidence in premature infants high association with down syndrome, malrotation, CHD look for double bubble sign vomiting with or without bile, jaundice |
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duodenal stenosis
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incomplete duodenal obstruction
higher incidence in premature association with down syndrome, cardiac defects, esophageal atresa |
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omphalocele
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herniation of intestine through umbilical cord
sac composed of Wharton's jelly assocated with trisomy 13,18,21 |
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gastroschisis
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defect or hole in abdominal wall allows abdominal contents to protrude outside body (type of hernia)
usually right of the umbilicus and completely separate from umbilicus no peritoneal covering over the bowel or other contents (like in omphalocele) |
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meckel's diverticula
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outpouching of bowel in ileum near cecum
remnants of vitellointestinal or omphalomesenteric duct often find ectopic gastric or pancreatic mucosa painless rectal bleeding most common cause of massive lower GI bleeding in children possible to cause ileoileocolic intussusception |
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hirschsprung disease
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aganglionosis due to failed migration of neural crest cells
lack of intrinsic enteric inhibitory nerves and NO - constant constriction -> obstruction usually limited to rectum or sigmoid RET on chr10 moves neural crest through digest tract EDNRB on chr13 proteins needed to connect nerve cells to digestive tract |
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RET protooncogene
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located on Chr10
needed for movement of neural crest cells through digestive tract |
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endothelial receptor B (EDNRB)
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Chr13
proteins that connect nerve cells to digestive tract |
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diagnosis of hirschsprung disease
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rectal biopsy - stain with acetylcholinesterase look for ganglion cells
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imperforate anus
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assocation with renal abnormalitis (mostly the high type)
associated with other congenital anomalies - VACTERL |
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VACTERL
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V - vertebral anomalies
A - anal atresia C - cardiac defect - VSD T - tracheoesophageal fistula R - renal abnormalities L - limb abnormalities |
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hirschsprung disease symptoms
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CONSTIPATION, bilious vomiting
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arteries of the GI tract
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celiac artery - foregut
superior mesenteric artery - midgut inferiour mesenteric artery - hindgut |
