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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the typical lesions of pernio. (3) |
1.ITCHY localized areas of swelling on exposed hands, and feet, with nose and ears as well.
2. Erythematous or blue-violet macules, papules, or nodules
3. Crusting following blistering and secondary infection. |
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1. What is the cause of pernio?
2. What distinguishes it from the cause of frostbite? |
1. Pernio is a localized inflammatory response to cold, especially damp conditions. Usually above freezing.
2. The lesions of frostbite, on the other hand, result from skin actually becoming frozen stiff. |
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How soon after exposure to cold damp air can pernio lesions appear? |
12-24 hours |
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Give 2 common names for pernio. |
1. Chilblains 2. Trench foot |
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Name 3 steps summarizing the pathophysiology of pernio. |
1. Cold-induced vasospasm--> 2. Localized hypoxia--> 3. Localized inflammatory reactions |
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How long do the lesions of pernio persist, assuming there's no underlying health problems? |
Anywhere from a few days, weeks, or months |
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Pernio might be a secondary effect of which 6 illnesses? |
1. Lupus 2. Other connective issue disorders 3. Hematologic malignancy 4. Solid organ malignancy 5. Hepatitis 6. EBV infection
Not seen with kids |
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Name 3 features that might help distinguish pernio from Reynaud's phenomenon. |
1. In Reynaud's, pallor and cyanosis are followed by erythema but discoloration is much more sharply demarcated.
2. Episodes of Reynaud's typically last hours and not days or weeks.
3. Change not sudden; no immediate color change while holding a cold drink, for example. |
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Name 3 features that might help distinguish pernio from Reynaud's phenomenon. |
1. In Reynaud's, pallor and cyanosis are followed by erythema but discoloration is much more sharply demarcated.
2. Episodes of Reynaud's typically last hours and not days or weeks.
3. Change not sudden; no immediate color change while holding a cold drink, for example. |
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Name 4 other illnesses that might be mistaken for pernio. |
1. Reynaud's phenomenon 2.Frostbite 3.Herpetic Whitlow 4. Cyroproteinemia |
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Name 4 tests that should be done in cases of pernio with suspected systemic disease or lasting beyond the cold season.
Name 3 others that might be considered as well.
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The basic 4: 1. CBC with peripheral smear 2. Serum protein electrophoresis 3. Cold agglutinins 4. ANA
3 More: 1. RF 2. Anti phospholipid antibodies 3. Cryoglobulins |
