Pediatric Board Exam - Vitamin Deficiency - Toxicity

Front 1

Vitamin A

Back 1

Blindness (leading cause worldwide), xeropthalmia (dry eyes), nyctalopia (night blindness). Toxicity--> Pseudotumor cerebri.

Front 2

Vitamin E

Back 2

Hemolytic anemia in preemies, neurological damage in older kids if prolonged deficiency (neuropathy, weakness). Toxicity --> liver.

Front 3

Vitamin K

Back 3

Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn (VitK does not cross placenta well and gut flora not established) - treat with VitK IM and FFP. Breast fed babies vulnerable (little in milk). VitK dependent clotting factors = 2,7,9,10

Front 4

Vitamin B1

Back 4

Beri Beri - confusion, peripheral paralysis, muscle weakness, tachycardia, cardiomegally. ("Thigh Man" - two giant #1s in place of thighs, for B1, Too little Thiamine and the thighs become weak, Thigh Man falls down, becomes confused, and his heart races.)

Front 5

Vitamin B2

Back 5

Anemia, angular stomatitis, seborrheic dermatitis. ("Rib-O-Flavor" - Ribs that are so good they are eaten and only 2 ribs remain (B2), which is SAD - Stomatitis, Anemia, Dermatitis). Phototherapy uses up B2.

Front 6

Vitamin B3

Back 6

Pellagra - 3 Ds, Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia. Toxicity --> vasodilation.

Front 7

Vitamin B6

Back 7

Swelling of tongue, rash. Neuropathy when given INH for TB. Toxicity --> neuropathy.

Front 8

Vitamin B9

Back 8

Large tongue, macrocytic anemia. Toxicity --> Irritability. When given for macrocytic anemia due to B12 deficiency will mask the actual B12 deficiency.

Front 9

Vitamin B12

Back 9

Macrocytic anemia. Bowel disease -> pernicious anemia due to poor absorption due to decreased intrinsic factor.

Front 10

Vitamin C

Back 10

Bleeding gums, poor wound healing, leg tenderness. Toxicity --> mega doses lead to oxalate and cysteine nephrocalcinosis. Can trigger hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency.