Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
With telecanthus, is the pd smaller, normal, or enlarged?
|
normal, just a wide intercanthal distance
|
|
|
____ is semilunar fold of skin in the medial canthal region with concavity directed to inner canthus.
|
epicanthus
|
|
|
Describe epiblepharon.
|
extra horizontal fold of skin under the lower eye lid, can cause the lashes to touch the eyeball. can spontaneously resolve
|
|
|
____- is horizontal and vertical narrowing of lids. Absence of upper lid fold and flattening of nasal bridge.
|
blepharophimosis
|
|
|
What is the usual cause of congenital ptosis?
|
levator mal-development
(also, levator apo-neurosis disinsertion or eyelid tumor) |
|
|
What % of ptosis are congenital.
|
65- 88%
|
|
|
What is the reason for the ptosis in horner's syndrome?
|
muellers muscle
|
|
|
Hydroxyamphetamin fails to dilate a _____ ganglionic lesion.
|
post
|
|
|
If the child's Hx is not making sense (no history of trauma) and the child has horner's syndrome... what must you rule out?
|
neuroblastoma
|
|
|
Marcus Gunn Jaw winking is seen when what 2 CN are miswired?
|
CN 3 and 5 oculomotor and facial
|
|
|
What % of kids with congenital ptosis has marcus gunn jaw winking?
|
only 5%
|
|
|
What % of kids are born with an abostruction of the lacrimal system?
|
5-6%
|
|
|
How long does it take for the lacrimal system to open up in infants?
|
couple of weeks to a few months. 90-95% of ducts will be open by 12 months
|
|
|
What are 2 symptoms of an obstructed duct?
|
epiphora and recurrant conjunctivitis
|
|
|
What are some non-invasive ways to treat the obstructed duct symptoms?
|
1- digital massage to force air through
2- keep lids clean 3- treat the infection with antibiotic ung |
|
|
What did the PEDIG NLDO study?
|
early vs. late simple probing--the advantages and disadvantages. (still ongoing)
|
|
|
Can you use anesthesia for early simple probing of the NLD?
|
no. only for late 9-13 mos
|
|
|
What are 3 invasive ways to take care of a NLD obstruction?
|
1- simple probing
2- balloon catheter dilation 3- nasolacrimal intubation |
|
|
A limbal dermoid cyst is a ___ that is normal tissure that is abnormally located.
|
choristoma
|
|
|
Where is a limbal dermoid normally located and what change can it cause in regards to RE.
|
inferotemporal and irregular astigmatism
|
|
|
What is assoicated with goldenhar's syndrome?
|
1- auricular abnormalities
2- epibulbar dermoids 3- vertebral abnormalities |
|
|
Do you have to treat a limcal dermoid? what about an eyelid dermoid?
|
limbal-- no
eyelid-- yes |
|
|
What comprises folliculosis?
|
discrete accumulations of infiltrative white blood cells
|
|
|
Size abnormal size (large or small) is associated with congenital glaucoma?
|
too large (> 12-11mm)
|
|
|
What is the normal adult size of the cornea. At what age is the cornea adult size?
|
13mm at 3 years
|
|
|
What % of congenital glaucomas are bilateral?
|
75%
|
|
|
What is the problem in congenital glaucoma?
|
improper development of the aquesous outflow system
|
|
|
what gene is responsible for congenital glaucoma?
|
CYP1B1
|
|
|
Describe the striae associated with congenital glaucoma?
|
Horizontal!! located in descemet's called Haab's striae
|
|
|
What are 5 effects of high IOP in the infant eye?
|
1- globe enlargement
2- Haab's striae 3- corneal clouding 4- possible iris stretching and stromal thinning 5- scleral ring enlargement (rapid cupping) |
|
|
What is the technical word for corneal enlargement?
|
buphthalmus
|
|
|
what size is a normal neonates cornea?
|
9-10mm
|
|
|
What are 5 S&S of congenital glaucoma?
|
1- epiphora (eye too big for eyelids to cover
2- photophobia 3- myopia 4- rapid cupping 5-oculo-digital stimulation |
|
|
T or F: IOP of 15mm is normal in an infant.
|
False!! infant IOP should be much lower
|
|
|
What are 4 systemis associations with congenital glaucoma?
|
1- sturge-webber
2- neurofibromatoma 3- marfans 4- anterior chamber cleavage syndrome |
|
|
Which is preferred to treat congenital glaucoma...meds or sugery.
|
surgery
|
|
|
what mode of inheritance is megalocornea?
|
x-linked recessive
|
|
|
is megalocornea progressive?
|
no, it is NOT glaucoma
|
|
|
does having microcornea put you at risk for having elevated IOP?
|
yes
|
|
|
What are 7 ocular things associated with aniridia?
|
1- cataracts
2- foveal hypoplasia 3- nystagmus 4- glaucoma 5-corneal pannus 6- optic nerve hypoplasia 7- 20/200 VA |
|
|
What is the mode of inheritance for aniridia?
|
AD or sporadic
|
|
|
If the kid has aniridia, what must you rule out?
|
wilm's tumor
|
|
|
__________ is a congenital mesodermal abnormality of the anterior segment
|
anterior chamber cleavage syndromes
|
|
|
what is the first step ACCS?
|
prominent schwalbes line AKA posterior embrytoxin
|
|
|
What are 2 ddx for posterior embryotoxin?
|
1-limbal gridle of vogt
2- arcus |
|
|
What is step 2 of the ACCS?
|
axenfeld's anomaly (post. embryotoxin + iris strands to the post. embryotoxin)
|
|
|
What is step 3 of the ACCS?
|
axenfeld's- Syndrome
(anomaly + glaucoma) |
|
|
What is step 4 of ACCS?
|
Reigers anomaly (axenfields +irregular pupils + hypoplasia of iris stroma + midperipheral adhensions to cornea + increased risk for glaucoma)
|
|
|
What is step 5 of ACCSA?
|
Reigers + facial and dental abnormalities (neuro, cardio and skeletal problems can be associated too)
|
|
|
Describe peter's anomaly
|
1- central corneal opacity
2- adhesion of the CENTRAL part of iris and maybe lens to post CORNEA 3- glaucoma in 50% o |
|
|
What are 4 general ways of getting bilateral congenital cataracts.
|
1- heredity
2- infection 3-prematurity 4- metabolic diseases |
|
|
What are 5 signs of cataracts.
|
1- leukocoria
2- nystagmus 3- opacity of lens 4- strabismus 5- microphthalmia (in unilateral) |
|
|
When must you remove a cataract in an infant.
|
5-6 weeks
|
|
|
What causes the most serious form of ophthamlia neoatorum? most common form?
|
Neisseria gononrrhea
chlamydia trachomatis |
