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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Erythema Infectiosum {Fifths Disease}
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Agent: human parovirus
Note: LOW fever 1) 'Slapped Cheek' 1-4 days 2) Maculopapular rash to extremities 7 days 3) Recurrence of rash following skin irritation |
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Varicella {Chickenpox}
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Agent: Varicella zoster virus
Note: Droplet/Blood Transmission 1) Incubation 6-14 days 2) Symptoms 14-21 days Malaise 24h pre-vesicle Papule -> Clear vesicle -> Crusted vesicle Starts on face/trunk to extremities |
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Roseola
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Agent: human herpes virus type 6
Note: HIGH fever 1) Incubation 5-15 days 2) Symptoms Fever 3-4 days, which subsides and is followed by rash to trunk, face, then extremities |
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Fevers are of concerns in the pediatric population at what temperature? Why?
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40 degreed celcius
seizure risk (no long term damage but management important) |
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Mumps
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Agent: paramyxovirus
Note: Droplet/Contact 1) Incubation 14-21 days 2) Symptoms Fever, headache, malaise, followed by parotitis (salivary gland infection) May cause orchitis (swelling of testes) or meningoencephalitis |
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Rubeola {Measles}
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Agent: viral
Note: Droplet 1) Incubation 10-20 days Communicable 4 days prior to 5 days after appearance of rash 2) Symptoms Koplik's spots (white specs surrounded by red halos on the buccal mucosa) 2 days prior to rash |
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Pertussis {Whooping Cough}
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Agent: Bordetella pertussis
Note: Droplet/Contact- highly contagious 1) Incubation 6-20 days 2) S&S of Respiratory Distress for up to 4-6 weeks short, rapid cough followed by crowing sound in inspiration hospitalization required may be complicated by pneumonia |
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What constitutes an exposure event?
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Direct contact or inside environment sharing the same air for 1 hour
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Rubella {German Measles}
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Agent: rubella virus
Note: Direct or Indirect Contact/Droplet; complications are rare but it is teratogenic 1)Incubation 14-21 days |
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Scarlet Fever
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Agent: group A hemolytic streptococci (BACTERIAL)
Note: Droplet or Direct Contact 1) Incubation 1-7days 2) Treatment: full course abx & supportive therapy |
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What are the generalized signs and symptoms of a respiratory infection in young children?
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Fever
GI: anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain RT: cough, sore throat, nasal blockage or discharge, adventitious lung sounds |
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What are the 4 most common upper respiratory tract infections?
What anatomical structures are affective in URTIs? |
Nasopharyngitis {Common Cold}, Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis, Otitis Media
Nose, Pharynx |
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What is Otitis Media?
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Infection of the eustacian tubes which in children are short and sit horizontally, making them less effective in draining infectious agents.
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What are the 4 syndromes included in the croup classification?
What anatomical structures are affected in croup syndromes? |
Epiglottitis, Laryngitis, Tracheitis, LTB
Laryns, Trachea, Bronchi |
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What is LTB?
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The most common of the croup syndromes, this infection generally affects children <5 years.
Agents: RSV, parainfluenza virus, mycopasma pneumoniae, influenza A and B S&S: inspiratory stridor, suprasternal retractions, barking cough, hypoxia Complications: respiratory acidosis, respiratory failure, death Management: airway, hydration, humidity, epinephrine/steroids |
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What are the 2 most common types of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections?
What anatomical structures are affected by a LRTI? Why are children more susceptible to LRTIs? |
Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis/RSV
Bronchi, Bronchioles Underdevelopment of cartilaginous support |
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What is Bronchitis {Tracheobronchitis}?
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Infection and swelling of the bronchi
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What is Bronchiolitis?
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Infection and swelling of the bronchioles, most commonly caused by RSVin children under the age of 2. Transmitted via droplet/contact.
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What is pneumonia?
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An infection of the lung caused by
a) bacteria (which spreads from nose/sinuses/mouth via aspiration or inhalation [talcum powder]) b) viruses (RSV) or b) fungi (histomycosis, coccidioidomycosis). Treatment is based on causative agent. |
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What is ARDS?
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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (or Adult RDS)
Respiratory distressa nd hypoxia within 72 hours after serious injury or surgery in a person with previously normal lungs, or secondary to an acute lung injury |
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What is Cystic Fibrosis?
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Exocrine gland dysfunction that produces multisystem involvement. Most common lethal genetic illness among white children (autosomal recessive trait).
RESPIRATORY: Stagnation of mucus and bacterial colonization result in the destruction of lung tissue with tenacious secretions which are difficult to expectorate (thereby obstructing bronchi/bronchioles). Results in hypoxia, hypercapnea, acidosis, compression of pulmonary blood vessels and progressive lung dysfunction leading to pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, respiratory failure, and death. GASTROINTESTINAL: Thick secretions block ducts, cystc dilation, degeneration, preventss pancreatic enzymes from reaching duodenum (no change at first but enetual pancreatic fibrosis and possible DM), impairs degestion/absoprtion of fat (steatorrhea) and protein (azotorrha), biliary cirrhosis, impaired salivation |
