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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the transfer of learning? |
The influence that one skill has on the learning of another |
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What are the 5 types of transfer? |
Positive - one skill helps learning of another Negative - one skill hinders learning of another Proactive - previously learned skill helps learning of a new one Retroactive - newly learned skill influences previously learned Bilateral - from one side of the body to another |
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How to minimalise effects of negative transfer |
- Allow for positive transfer - Learner needs to know transferable elements - clear and concise demos - realistic environment - simplifying initial learning |
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What is reinforcement and what are the three types? |
Causes strengthening of s-r bond. Positive - praise and + stimulus Negative - negative stimulus Punishment - unpleasant stimuli |
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What are the three Thorndikes laws? |
- law of effect - reinforcement effects s-r bond - law of exercise - s-r bond is strengthened by practice - law of readiness - performer must be mentally and physically ready for skill and learning |
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What is the cognitive theory of learning |
Saying the performer must think about the problem as a whole. Learning is best achieved this way |
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4 factors of observational learning |
1 attention 2 retention 3 motor reproduction 4 motivation |
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9 components of Operant conditioning |
1 manipulate environment for response 2 trail and error 3 modifying learners response 4 positive reinforcement 5 negative reinforcement 6 some form of reinforcement needed to reinforce correct s-r 7 speed of learning enhanced by complete reinforcement 8 desired behavior is over learned 9 promotes a BAHL |
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What are the two sources of motivation and the two branches of motivation? |
1 intrinsic - own satisfaction 2 extrinsic - external reward 1 intensity of behavior 2 response made by emotion |
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8 motivation strategies? |
1 progression 2 positive reinforcement 3 fun activities 4 social experience 5 attainable targets 6 skills and fitness 7 role models 8 transfer of skills |
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2 forms of arousal |
1 somatic - physiological 2 cognitive - psychological |
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What is the drive theory |
Shows relationship between arousal and performance, forms a linear graph as they are proportional. High arousal helps performance of gross and simple skills, Behavior = habit x drive |
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What is the drive reduction theory? |
Loss of motivation by performer. Could happen with tedious skills, so new targets and goals are needed, especially when maintaining a BAHL |
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What is the inverted u theory? |
Quality of performance increases with arousal up to an optimum point, after which arousal decreases. Over and under arousal causes low quality of performance |
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What is the catastrophe theory? |
Performance will only reach maxima potential at the optimum level if cognitive arousal anxiety is kept low, if this coincides with high somatic arousal then a plummet in performance is seen |
