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113 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the five functions of the skeletal system? |
Support Shape Protection Movement Blood cell production |
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Name the four types of bone |
Long Short Flat Irregular |
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Give a characteristic & example of a long bone
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Have a body longer than it is wide Have a harder outer casing with a spongy bone in the centre e.g. Femur, Humerus, Metatarsals etc. |
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Give a characteristic & example of a short bone |
Roughly as wide as they are long Large amounts of bone marrow, blood vessels e.g. Carpals & Tarsals |
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Give a characteristic & example of a flat bone |
Strong flat pieces of bone Main functions are protection & muscle attachment e.g. Cranium & Scapula |
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Give a characteristic & example of an irregular bone |
Dont fit into any of the other categories & often have an unusual shape e.g. Vertebrae, Sacrum & Mandible |
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What are the four types of movement? |
Flexion Extension Adduction Abduction |
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Define flexion |
Reducing the angle at a joint |
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Define extension |
Increasing the angle at a joint |
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Define adduction |
Moving the body part towards the centre of the body |
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Define abduction |
Moving the body part away from the centre of the body |
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Slightly movable is one type of joint. Name the other two |
Fixed/immovable Freely moveable |
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Give an example of a slightly moveable joint |
Vertebrae |
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What are freely moveable joints surrounded by & give an example |
Synovial fluid e.g. the knee |
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What are the five types of joint? |
Hinge Pivot Ball & Socket Gliding Condyloid |
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Give an example of a ball & socket joint |
Hip |
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What does a pivot joint allow? |
Movement of one bone around another |
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Give an example of a condyloid joint |
Wrist |
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Where are gliding joints found |
Between fingers (inter-carpal joints) |
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What are the three types of muscles within the body? |
Voluntary Involuntary Cardiac |
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Where in the body is cardiac muscle found? |
In the heart |
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Which end of the muscle attaches to the stationary bone? |
The origin |
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Which end of the muscle attaches to the moving bone? |
The insertion |
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Muscles only ____ they cannot ____ |
Pull, push |
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Pairs of muscles are called... |
Antagonistic pairs |
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What is the contracting muscle also known as? |
The prime mover |
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What is the relaxing muscle called? |
The antagonist |
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Define tidal volume |
The amount of air you breath in or out with each breath |
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Define vital capacity |
The most air you could possible breath in after breathing out the largest volume of air you can |
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What is the order of the respiratory system? |
Mouth/nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli |
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What is gaseous exchange? |
The passing of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood & the excess carbon dioxide within the blood flow passing back into the alveoli to be breathed out |
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What happens to the ribcage & the diaphragm during inspiration? |
The ribcage moves up & out The diaphragm flattens |
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What happens to the ribcage & the diaphragm during expiration? |
The ribcage moves down & inwards The diaphragm comes up |
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What are the three purposes of the circulatory system? |
Transport Control of body temperature Protection |
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What does blood transport around the body? |
Carbon dioxide Oxygen |
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How does the blood control the body temperature? |
The blood moves towards the skin to cool us down as excess heat is able to escape easier |
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How does the blood protect us? |
In the form of our immune system- Blood carries white blood cells which help fight disease |
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What is the cycle of the heart? |
1. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium 2. It moves down into the right ventricle 3. Blood is pumped out of the heart heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen 4. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart & into the left atrium 5. It moves through to the left ventricle 6. From here the blood is pumped out to the body (via the aorta) |
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Which system takes deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs? |
Pulmonary |
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Which system takes oxygenated blood from the heart around the body? |
Systemic |
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Name the three types of blood vessel |
Veins Arteries Capillaries |
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What type of blood do veins carry & give a characteristic of veins |
Deoxygenated blood back to the heart Thinner walls |
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What type of blood do arteries carry & give a characteristic of arteries |
Oxygenated blood away from the heart Thick, strong walls |
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What do capillaries do, where are they found & give a characteristic of capillaries |
Connect veins & arteries Inside muscles & organs Walls one cell thick |
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What are the four components of blood? |
Red blood cells Plasma Platelets White blood cells |
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What do platelets do? |
Help repair tissues Act as a clot to stop bleeding |
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What does plasma do? |
The fluid that carries everything e.g. waste products |
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Where are red blood cells made? |
In the bone marrow |
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What is the purpose of red blood cells? |
To transport oxygen to tissues |
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What do white blood cells do? |
Produce antibodies (defence system) |
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Define stroke volume |
The amount of blood being pumped out the left ventricle per beat |
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Define cardiac output |
The amount of blood being pumped out of the left ventricle per minute |
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What are the five health related components of fitness? |
Speed Power Cardiovascular endurance Flexibility Strength |
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Define speed & give an example |
The rate at which someone is able to cover a distance in a given amount of time 100m sprint |
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Define power & give an example |
The ability to do strength movements quickly Shot putt |
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What is the equation for power? |
Power = Speed x Strength |
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Define flexibility & give an example |
The amount of movement possible at a joint Ice skating |
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Define strength |
The ability to apply force & overcome resistance |
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What are the three types of strength |
Dynamic Static Explosive |
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Define dynamic strength & give an example |
The type of strength that a person needs to support their body over a long period of time Rowing |
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Define static strength & give an example
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The greatest amount of strength that can be applied to an immovable object Arm wrestling |
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Define explosive strength & give an example |
One short sharp burst of strength Javelin |
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What are the five skill related components of fitness? |
Reaction time Agility Co-ordination Agility Timing Balance |
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Define reaction time & give an example |
The time it takes to respond to a stimulus A starter gun |
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Define agility & give an example |
The ability to change direction quickly & still keep control of your body Football |
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Define timing & give an example |
The ability to judge the time & place of an objects arrival & then to select, plan & execute appropriate movement High jump |
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Define co-ordination & give an example |
The ability to use two or more parts of the body together or at the same time Swimming |
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Define balance & give an example |
The ability to keep the body still, moving or in a different shape by keeping the centre of gravity over the base Gymnastics beam |
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Give five methods of training |
Circuit Continuous Fatlek Interval Weight Altitude |
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What does continuous training improve? |
Cardiovascular endurance |
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What does altitude training improve? |
Aerobic fitness quickly |
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What are the three purposes of a warm up? |
To increase body temperature & blood flow to the muscles in order to prevent strains & sprains To stretch the muscles, get the joints moving & increase the range of motion To help focus the mind on the exercise |
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What are the two purposes of a cool down? |
Help reduce oxygen debt & clear any lactic acid in the muscles Stop blood pooling within the veins |
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What does S.P.O.R.T stand for? |
Specificity Progression Overload Reversibility Tedium |
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What is specificity? |
Training that is particularly suited to a particular sport or activity |
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What is progression? |
Where training is increased gradually as the body adjusts to the demands being made of it |
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What is overload? |
Making the body work harder than usual in order to improve |
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What is reversibility? |
If training stops then the effects can be lost as well |
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What is tedium? |
Making your session interesting in order to prevent boredom |
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What does F.I.T.T stand for? |
Frequency Intensity Time Type |
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What are the three different stages of a fitness year? |
Pre-season In season Post-season |
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What happens in post-season? |
The performer is involved in rest & recovery Active rest with low intensity aerobic work such as cycling or swimming |
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What happens in pre-season? |
Improving general fitness levels for the activity |
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What happens in in season? |
Fitness levels are maintained team work is incorporated |
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What are the two types of injury? |
Overuse injury (CHRONIC) Sudden injury (ACUTE) |
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What are the two causes of injury? |
Internal External |
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How would you treat a strain or sprain? |
Rest Ice Compression Elevation |
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Define somatotype? |
Different body types based on shape |
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What is body composition? |
The percentage of body weight that is fact, muscle & bone |
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What are the three somatotypes? |
Endomorph Mesomorph Ectomorph |
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What are the strengths of an endomorph? |
Power Static strength |
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What are the strengths of a mesomorph? |
Strength Muscular endurance Cardiovascular endurance |
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What are the strengths of an ectomorph? |
Flexibility Balance Cardiovascular endurance |
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What are the negatives of age? |
Reaction time slows down Joints become less flexible Body fat builds up due to less exercise Prone to injury & disease Takes longer to recover |
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What is an advantage of age? |
High experience |
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How does age affect participation? |
Club age restrictions Availability Less time (working) Confidence Disease/injury |
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What are the five aspects of the environment which affect participation? |
Weather Pollution Altitude Humidity Terrain |
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How can family affect participation? |
Parents can encourage their children to participate in sport Offer financial support Many children are take to & from activities by parents |
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How can friends affect participation? |
Most people have a group of friends they spend most of their time with If all your friends play football, you are likely to play football If all your friends say sport is rubbish, you are unlikely to play it |
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What is leisure? |
Free time when you are not meeting social or bodily needs |
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What is recreation? |
Something you do in your leisure time because you want to |
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Why do people have more leisure time than they used to? |
Less time working & more holidays People are retiring earlier There is a higher rate of unemployment More advanced technology e.g. washing machines |
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Is recreation competitive? |
No |
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What is physical recreation? |
Where you would opt to participate for intrinsic reward rather that extrinsic reward |
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Name some benefits of a lifetime participation in sports |
Keep fit Keeps your mind focused & active Have the chance to enjoy sports & be competitive Keep in contact with people of similar interest Continue to reach new physical & mental levels |
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Why do people take part in outdoor activities? |
Challenge Health & social benefits Cost effective Natural environment Psychological benefits |
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What is a balanced diet? |
A diet that consists of the right nutrients in the right quantities |
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What are the five sections of the eat-well plate? |
Carbohydrates Fruit & Veg Protein Fats & Sugars Milk & Dairy |
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What can failing to maintain a balanced diet lead to? |
Malnutrition Obesity Anorexia |
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What is the body's main source of energy? |
Carbohydrates |
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What is the main use of protein? |
To build & repair tissues |
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What is the main purpose of fat? |
Keep the body warm & protect the organs |
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What is the purpose of vitamins & what are they found in? |
Enable you to maintain good health Fruit, Liver, Nuts, Veg oil |
