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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Greek Games
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-Zappas~ rich merchants
-Established Olympic Trust Fund -1859~combination fair, exhibition, athlete -differences |
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Wenlock Games
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-Dr. Brooks~ passionate about PR in schools
-Town in Wenlock -Track & Field -Cricket -Local athletes -opening parade -relationship w/ coubertin |
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Baron de Coubetin
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-Born 1863
-French aristocracy -College: focused on sport edu. -Edu. through teh physical -Intensity patriotic ~sport promoted physical health |
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Olympic Games
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-Coubertin visits England and the U.S, meets sloane in the U.S.
-Sport is the way to bring Nations together -Hopes for French ppl -international coference for the study & prorogation of the Principle Amateurism |
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AT teh conference
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-last item on agenda
-voted olympic games back -IOC, 14 members selected by coubertin -Paris v. Athens -he had to convince the Greeks |
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Rebirth of the Olympic games
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coubertin responsible for:
-opening & closing ceremonies -olympic flag -oath -Peace -Motto= Faster, Higher, Stronger -opposed women in sport -no financial awards |
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1896 Games- Athens
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-10 long days
-very few team sports track swimming cycling shooting fencin gymnastics tennis -Averoff helped w/ building facilities |
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Paris 1900
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-internaitonal Expo
-side show -may 20-sept2 (long time- not a short specific time frame) -terrible facilities -1330 athletes, 22 countries -Sunday compitions (americans couldn't compete on Sundays) **Ray Erway -10 times olympic champion -american~grew late -4 gold medals **1st female competition (lawn tennis) |
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St. Louis 1904
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-political, ppl didn't want to go to st. louis
-worlds fair -too distint -july 1- Oct. 10 (still really spread out) -12 countries 655 athletes -story about cuban (car brought him most of the way, he's not dirty as the end, he admits he cheats) |
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Stockholm 1912
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-helped firmly estab. teh return of the games
-huge crowds -2547 athletes, 28 countries -Jim thorpe(movie) -racism -commercialize him -almost single-handedly raised the bar |
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Chamonix 1924
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-1st winter games
-same country host, paris did summer games -293 athletes, 16 countries |
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Los Angeles 1932
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-olympic village
-Babe Didrikson -we put on a show, opening & closing ceremonies |
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Berlin 1936 (hitler)
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Propaganda: Huge $ spent
-olympic flag -nationalism -4066 atheletes from 49 countries -america questioned whether they should go |
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babe didrikson
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-2 world records
-greatest of her time -golf was her main sport -played basketball, tenis, track, volleyball also |
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The growth of Sport
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-2 things necessary for Growth
1.time ( more tech=more time) 2.money -2nd-3rd generation(your dad played so you played) -the car -local sport: local media, tie to educational system -sport goes from reform tool to a product in a consumer culture -shift from protestant work(hard work) ethic to an affluence (easier) -sport as a vehicle for entertainment |
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Amateur sport
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-"sport for all" philosophy
-goal of health through gymnastics to character -sportsmenship through sport |
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1900-1917
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-Distinction b/t amateur & pro athletes
-upper class- equestrian, golf -middle class-baseball, football -american tendency to organize -baseball, NCAA ect. -Immigrants saw sport as an Americanizing force -Heroes born through tobacoo cards & sports journaling -baseball is king -sport not a major force in culture but fast becoming one |
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Baseball 1900-1950
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-1901 american league formed
-no world series in 1904 -dead ball era -stars -ty cobb, Honus Wagner, Walter Johnson, Cy Young -1919 Black Sox Scandal (world series was rigged) -Judge Landis saves baseball (suspended the players of the scandal for life and racism) -usher the Babe Rith Era |
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Intercollegiate
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-NCAA
-Intercollegiate Athletes Association of US -Roosevelt, Mc Cracken- NYU -did a study on deaths in football -renamed NCAA in 1910 -educational role v. reforcement -hurt progess for women |
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Intercollegiate sport for women
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-separate departments
-avoid evils of mens athletics -6d to professionalism -training for a few at the expense for many -it was unsocial -professional coaches -Greatest good for greates number -they organized sport days -they organized sport days -take a group of women- meet w/ other colleges & play sports (not as a school team but mixed) -women protested women being in the olypmics, they thought those women were sellouts (didn't want women to be masculine i.e babe didr.) |
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Babe Ruth
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-1st athlete to realize it was a stage
-he was an international celebrity -he brought ppl back to the ball park -owners didn't like him (very independent and asked for more $) -called him black b/c of his features -rough childhood, was in an orphange -red sox "bought him" -red sox gave him to the Yankees -he ran wild in NY -said he needed 2 women each night -loved children |
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babe review
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-he defined the birth of a sports nation
-he saved baseball from the black sock scandal -played during a time where athletes became intertainers- he changed it -one of the 1st athletes to understand his worth -defines the 20s era, times of excess |
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recreation
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-the industrial revolution purged much leisures from our lives
-with the emphasis on work; positive & negative values were placed on time -work=production; time well spent -leisure=unproduction time; idleness -defining leisure as free time -industrialization divided our time - leisure became asociated w/ unobligated time -defined leisure in terms of freedom from rather than freedom to -convient way to define leisure -problems w/ this def. -is there ever time w/out obligation -having extra times (not times) -free time can be used negatively & positive -separates our lives into compartments -defines who we are |
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reaction
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-around 1900- an attempt to used "directed play as an answer to the problems created by the impact of economic forces upon society and attendant social structures"
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directed play
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-games (dodgement..), sport, intermeral games, playground activities
-rec. does not come out of play |
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parks and playgrounds
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-intitially the playground movement $ the parks movements were est. as 2 different entities
-2 movements came together during the reform park era in early 20th century |
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america at play
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-play and child dev.
-play spaces -outdoor play for young children -public recreation |
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social problems and teh play movement
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-reconstruct moral values
-socail conditions -commercail recreation ***Play has a greater shaping power over the character & nature of man than any other activity -Luther Gulick |
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sand gardens- America's first playgournd
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-Dr. Marie Zakrezewska
-Bostons 1st sand gardens were constructed in cities poortest districts |
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Early playground v. parks
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-parks wer pleasureing ground- the countryside in the middle of the city, passive recreation
-playgournds were to build muscle & morals -in early rec. movement ppl either went to parks or playgrounds |
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Public Recreation
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-intial support came from private funds
-involmetn w/ settlement housed (ex. hullhouse- where immigrants came and lived) -municipal support begins around 1900 "play for grown ppl is recreation- the renewal of life. For children it is growth- the gaining of life"-Joseph Lee "We do not cease playing b/c we grow old; we grow old b/c we cease playing" J.L Joseph Lee=father of the playground movement (10 yrs studied playgrounds) -wealthy Bostian -President of the playground Assoc. of America (1910-1927) |
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Parks & Playgrounds
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-connection b/t parks and schools, park staff used school yards
-playground movement institutionalized in municipal parks -playground leaders hired to offer programs in parks -recreation centers as cleaning houses to deal with neighborhood problems thru collaboration w/ a variety of municipal agencies and settlement houses -free play needed to become more organized- kids have a naturally sinful nature |
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need for recreation workers
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-play areas are not enough
-teaching children to play -qualificaitons of the play leader -the model cirrculum |
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swimming pools
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-link to personal hygeine
-providing of suits -segregated by sex ( hours of pools) -popular, 1 hours for marchingin, recieve suit and towel, changing clothes, showers, swim, dress |
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industrialization
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-dance halls, film industries, amusement parks (coney island)
-alcohol and other vices, moral decay -spectators (not participating) ex. films |
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Jackie Robinson
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-racial integration of professional sport
-born in Georgia, raised in Pasadenia -Ucla, 4 Sport -Army civil rights - Kansas city monarchs -handpicked by ricky -1947 -1st black in baseball hall of fame -forcefull off the field-later years |
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Sport & WWII
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-select service Bill
-15 million served -sport moved to the background in American life -pro baseball players in active service -baseball active vehicle for the war effort -all-american girls baseball team -paul wrigley -movie: A league of thier own -another step for women in sport -african americans faught in the war, segregated even @ war. They also came back from serving their country and were still being discriminated against |
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Des
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-forces working against
-"Do you really believe they're human" -economic -black baseball league employed many black people -white stadium owners don't want to integrate b/c they make $ even when their team away -black teams had a good deal |
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Pe after WWII
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-Increase in leisure
-increase in Tech. and industry -civil rights- equal access -women in work force & have "work sporting events" -increase in understanding sport and more important exercise -team orienated activities, thought sport was a great training ground for teamwork (for war...) |
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2 things we learned about P.E. thru WWII
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1. we found that most of our draftees in shape , boot camp was used to get them in shape
2.we won the war by our shoulders concept of team work and fighting together- also the ability to assume leadership when the leader was killed -unit draftees -1953, Krues Weber Test- 53% failed -Eisenhower-presidents council on Youth fitness -1957-AAPHER Youth Fitness Test -youth performed poorley -1961-suggestions for schools -identity underdeveloped, 15 min. of vigorous test |
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JFK
(Test question) |
-president Elect Kennedy
-soft american -gov. problem -white house committee of health Ed. -promotion of sport part & physical fitness -changes name from Youth Fit. to physical fitness -Pres. Johnson establishes President Physical Fitness Award |
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Aims for PE
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-military aim (out of shape- want fitness)
-scientific aim -ACSM- 1954 (medicine type "view" of sport) -social aim -sport education |
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Harvard Fatigue Lab 1927-1947
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-DB Hill
-the effect of the environment on exercise (heat, cold, altitude, terrain) -WWII -the biggest contribution made by the HFL were in the scholars that the HFL produced (they went toward exercise science-called scholars) - |
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1960's Exercise Pysical
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-dev. of electronic analysis-measure gasses-study metab. easier
-until the 60's most studies focused on whole body response -as tech. has increased the ability to examine the subcellular has changed teh field |
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Jogging Fad- Exercise Phys. to the masses
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-the ability of exercise to effect health and the ageing process
-1968 kenneth Cooper wrote "Aerobics" -Aerobic exercise is the best for cardiovascular training -pts. system, based on the intesity and duration of the activity -monitoring heart rate and oxygen consumption -30 pts. males/ 24 pts. females -what he did, was take all the info. from the harvard fatigue lab and all the scientists, and he made it understandable to the masses |
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Title IX- 1972
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(huge- not to discriminate by gender)
-coeducation -combining -reorganization |
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1958- Joseph Penfold
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-director of conservation of wildlife, Father of conservation
-fought against polution -urged congress to do the following -to preserve, develope, and assure accessibility -to determine the types and locations of suck resources for future generations -starts with conservation |
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2nd recreation revolution
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federal involvement stimulated series of advancements in rec.
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"Mission 66"
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-US natl parks service- 10 yrs restoration and improvement
-operation outdoors |
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recreation activites
(test ?) |
-factos-mechanization of Recreation
-car, camper, tents -tv -40 hr work week -highway -outboard motor -snowmobiles -Result: tremendous strain on recreational facilities |
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Sport and PE (1960-1965)
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-vietnam war
-impacted EVERYTHING (ex. education, everyone enrolled in college to skip draft. grade inflation -energy crisis -TV |
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physical ed. university level
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-combined department
-elective v. required (core pe) -sub disciplines -recreational activities |
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Sport and PE 1960- 1985
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-physical ed.- elem. and highschool
-elementary- orderly skill acquisition fundamental movement- away from competition -high school, recreational activities -budget problems- cut back teachers -we are better @ identifying of all the aspects of PE- b/c of budget and philisophical issues related to that time, we lost teh importance of PE |
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Professional Sports
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-sport marketing (rais $ to attract best players)
-amateur v. professional -free agency -agency clause: sign w/ team always w/ a team |
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The history Race and Sport
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-despite discrimination against a.a. throut history, in NA they have played a sig. role in the rise and developement of modern sport
-exclusion B4 civil war -break thrus following emancipation proclamation -racial seg. b/t WWI and WWII -racial integration |
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women v. aa in sport
(t ?) |
-it was said, a.a. are viewed as consumers
-plantaion sport- black players, white coaches and spectators. |
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Jim thorpe
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minority, amateurism issues, Father of NFL
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Jesse Owens
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war movement, spokesman for AA athletes
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Jackie robinson
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pioneer, 1st black in hall fame
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Muhammad Ali
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1st to stand up against establishment, gained worldwide fame, civil rights movements
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rebirth of olympics
motivation dates |
-coobertan
-natl pride, peace, france -athens, berlin, 1924 winter olympics |
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what led to explosion of sport
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-tech
-media -sport tied to education |
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early rec
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-father of rec= joseph lee
-playground movement, 20 yr study -away from playground, directed play, sand pile -2nd revoltion -great depression creatd Fa -pen fold, recreation outside (outboard motors) |