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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What components should a dermatologic history include?
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1. itching
2. occupation 3. travel 4. allgery 5. medications 6. sun exposure 7. seasonal variation 8. foods 9. contact history in immediate env. 10. Constitutional symptoms |
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General features of the skin to be evaluated include:
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1. color and pigmentation
2. moisture 3. turgor (elastic tone) 4. Texture (feel of it) 5. Vascularity 6. Palpable |
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what are the warning signs of melanoma?
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A = asymmetry
B= Border irregular C= Color varies D= Diameter larger than 6mm Also, has it changed over time? |
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Describe the types of skin lesions
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1. Primary skin lesons are from changes in epidermis/dermis/subcutis
2. Secdonary are from development of a disease or from scratching |
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What are macules?
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Freckles. Small area of change in normal skin. No elevation or depression. Under 0.5 cm.
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what is a patch?
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over 0.5 cm macule.
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what is a papule?
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elevation of skin less than 0.5cm in diameter.
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what is a plaque?
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A plaque is an elevation of skin more than 0.5cm in diameter. relatively flat like a plateau.
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what is a nodule?
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a nodule is a solid mass of skin that can be observed as an elevation or palpated. round shaped.
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Tumor
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Any enlargement of the tissues. Accumulation of material in the skin that's not normally there.
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what is a wheal?
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like hives. edema in the dermis surrounded by a red flare. can appear and disappear in hours.
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what is a vesicle?
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fluid-filled lesion less than 0.5cm.
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what is a bulla?
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fluid-filled lesion larger than 0.5cm.
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what is a pustule?
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accumulation of pus in the skin (any size/shape)
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What is a cyst?
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closed cavity or sac with an epithelial/membraneous lining containing fluid/semi-solid material.
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what is a scale?
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raised lesion presenting as flaking of the skin. can form as result of psoriasis. --> has a very distinct look.
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what is a crust?
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outer layer of skin produced by dried serum and remnants of blood. Staph in the skin --> you get a yellow, crusting lesion.
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what is lichenification?
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chornic thickening of the skin - exaggeration of normal markings
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what is a Scar?
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Fibrous tissue replacing normal tissues that were destroyed by injury or disease. atrophic is less thick than normal skin, while hypertrophic exudes above skin.
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what is a keloid?
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the scar keeps going - grows beyond boundary of the injury.
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what is excoriation?
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superficial loss of the skin substance, usually produced by scratching
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What is a fissure?
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a linear gap or slit in the skin surface; usually deeper than excoriation.
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what is an erosion?
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Depressed lesion produced when epidermis is either removed or sloughed. Can be depression left after rupture of a vesicle.
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What is an ulcer?
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loss of dermis and epidermis, and sometimes deeper.
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what is atrophy?
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decrease of tissue by thinning of the skin surface and loss of skin markings.
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What is petechia?
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Punctuate hemorrhagic macule less than 2 mm in diameter. If you push on them, they do not blanch. They stay the same color. Can indicate thrombocytopenia/platelet dysfunction.
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What is purpura?
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Discoloration of skin or mucosa due to extravasation of blood. Several centimeters. Larger than petechia. can result from meningiococcemia. from abnormal vasculature.
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what is ecchymosis?
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Bruises. A type of purpura.
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What is petechia?
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Punctuate hemorrhagic macule less than 2 mm in diameter. If you push on them, they do not blanch. They stay the same color. Can indicate thrombocytopenia/platelet dysfunction.
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What is purpura?
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Discoloration of skin or mucosa due to extravasation of blood. Several centimeters. Larger than petechia. can result from meningiococcemia. from abnormal vasculature.
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what is ecchymosis?
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Bruises. A type of purpura.
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What is a spider telangiectasia?
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a type of arteriolar telangiectasia characterized by a red central point. pressure is applid to the central point. may be a manifestation of chronic liver disease.
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What is a venous star?
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Bluish spider-like telangiectasia of venous origin. Does not blanch with pressure!
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what is a telangiectasia?
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a vascular lesion formed by dilation of small cutaneous blood vessels. Not painful, but can bleed.
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what is a cherry hemangioma?
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small bright red papules that are round, sharply circumscribed, and have small tangles of capillaries. Very palpable. uniform in color. Benign.
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what is linearity?
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It is a pattern that indicates an exogenous case. have a linear pattern.
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what is the koebner phenomenon?
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when you rub a rash, you can make the rash appear along the rub.
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what are grouped vesicles? what do they indicate?
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Herpetic infections.
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what is an iris lesion?
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A bull's eye lesion consisting of concentric annular circles with a clear vesicular center. Characteristic of erthema multiforme.
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What is a serpiginous lesion?
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snake like. Curvilinear.
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Wha is an annular lesion?
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A ring-like lesion. Bigger than erythema multiofrme.
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What is a nummular lesion?
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Coin-shaped lesion. No central clearing.
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what is candida infection?
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infection of moist areas by the fungus
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where does scabies occur?
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web spaces of the fingers and toes
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what is seborrheic dermatitis?
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affects sebacious glands. Rash with some yellow crusting.
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What does a wood's lamp do?
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See if the lesion fluoresces. - some fungi do.
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what test do you use to test for fungal infections?
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Use a KOH prep
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what is gram's stain used for?
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lesions suspected of being bacterial in origin.
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What is bullous pemphigoid?
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They cause bulli
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What are hives/urticaria?
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They make someone itchy and miserable. usually IgE mediated. An allergic reaction to food/medicine.
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What are erythema nodosum?
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raised, rounded nodules. usually limited to extensor surfaces of legs. Cause: TB, coccidioidomycosis.
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What are exudative eruptions due to?
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Secondary bacterial infections
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what are desquamative papular eruptions?
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conditions characterized by erythematous and seborrheic dermatitis. cause: psoriasis, cutaneous T cell lymphoma.
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Pustula skin eruptions caused by
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drug reactions, viral infections
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what is purpuric skin eruption?
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tupical of vasculitis. biopsy indicated to narrow the cause.
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what are erythroderma?
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also called exfoliative dermatitis.scaling and redness over whole body.
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what is solar lentigo?
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sun spots cause by proliferation of normal melanocytes
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what is actinic keratoses
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pathces of hyperkeratosis with surrounding erythema.
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What is seborrheic keratoses
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lesions "stuck on" the skin. many in one area can indicate cancer.
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what is basal cell carcinoma?
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. malignancy of the basal cells of the epidermis
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What is squamous cell carcinoma?
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malignancy of keratoctes in epidermis. Has a scaly, crusty, nodule or plaque.
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what are malignant melanomas?
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melanocytes that are malignant.
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