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94 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
how much can the bladder hold
300 ml, max of 400-500 ml
what are the smooth muscle of the bladder called
detrusor muscle
what thrusts abdomen forward and tightens abdominal musclesq
arched back
pink-purple striae are seen in
Cushing's syndrome
dilated veins are seen in
hepatic cirrhosis and IVC obstruction
bulging flanks are seen in
ascites
asymmetry is caused by
enlarged organ or mass
increased perstaltic waves are seen in
intestinal obstruction
increased pulsation of epigastrium in
aortic aneurysm or increased pulse pressure
in the abdomen exam, what do you do after inspect
auscultate
bowel sounds may be altered in...
diarrhea, intestinal obstruction, paralytic ileum and peritonitis
what is borborygmi
stomach growling/hyperperistalsis
what is normal frequency of bowel sounds
5-34 per min.
a bruit that is systolic and diastolic in the upper abdomen strongly suggests..
renal artery stenosis as cause of hypertension
bruits with both systolic and diastolic components in lower abdomen suggest
turbulent blood flow of partial arterial occlusion or arterial insufficiency
friction rubs are seen in
liver tumor
gonococcal infections
splenic infarction
what percussion note is dominant in the abdomen
tympany, some dullness from poop
a protuberant belly that is tympanic throughout suggests
intestinal obstruction
large dull areas of underlying masses could be from
pregnant uterus, ovarian tumor, distended bladder, large liver or spleen
dullness in both flanks indicates
further assessment for ascites
involuntary rigidity of the abdomen indicates
peritoneal inflammation
abdominal pain when coughing or w/ light percussion suggests
peritoneal inflammation
what is rebound tenderness
pain caused by rapid movement of an inflamed peritoneum
rebound tenderness suggests
peritoneal inflammation
liver dullness may be displaced downward by
low diaphragm of COPD but span remains normal
what are the normal sizes of liver dullness
4-8 cm midsternal, 6-12 midclavicular
dullness of right pleural effusion or consolidated lung may falsely ____ liver dullness area
increase
gas in colon may produce tympany and falsely _____ estimate of liver size
decrease
firmness/hardness of liver and rounding/bluntness of its edge suggest
abnormality of liver
tenderness of the liver suggests
inflammation, as in hepatitis or congestion as in heart failure
traubes space is associated with
locating the spleen
a positive splenic percussion sign is
a change in percussion note from tympany to dullness on inspiration
t/f splenic percussion sign may be positive when spleen size is normal
true
a palpable spleen tip may indicate
splenic enlargement, but not always
the enlarged spleen is palpable about ___cm below left costal margin on insp.
2
causes of kidney enlargment are
hydronephrosis, cysts, and tumors
bilateral kidney enlargement suggests..
polycystic kidney disease
pain with pressure or fist percussion at the CVA suggests
pyelonephritis but may have musculoskeletal origin
bladder distention can be from
outlet obstruction due to urethral stricture, prostatic hyperplasia also from meds and stroke, MS
in an older person, a periumbilical or upper abdominal mass with expansile pulsations suggests
aortic aneurysm
it may be hard to distinguish a tortuous aorta from ____ clinically
aortic aneurysm
t/f anuerysms are usually painless until they rupture
true
should you get an ultrasound of an enlarged aorta
yes
in ascites, dullness shifts to
the dependent side and tympany shifts to the top
the fluid wave test is for _____ and an easily palpable impulse suggests _____
ascites
the pain of appendicitis classically begins near the ____ then shifts to the _____
umbilicus; lower right quadrant
localized tenderness anywhere in the right lower quadrant may indicate ..
appendicitis
involuntary muscle rigidity may be seen in
appendicitis
right sided rectal tenderness may be caused by _____ and ____ as well as by inflamed appendix
inflamed adnexa; inflamed seminal vesicle
rebound tenderness suggest _____ as in appendicitis
inflamed peritoneum
pain in right lower quadrant during left-sided pressure is a positive ______ sign and suggests
Rovsings; appendicitis
increased abdominal pain in thigh flexion or extension is a postive ____ sign and suggests___
psoas; appendicitis
right hypogastric pain during internal rotation of the thigh is a positive ____ suggesting ___
obturator; appendicitis
cutaneous hyperesthesia is _____ and is seen in ____
pain upon picking up skin of abdomen; appendicitis
what is murphys sign
hooking your finger under the costal margin to check for cholecystitis
a positive murphys sign is
a sharp increase in tenderness and sudden stop in insp. effort, it's positive for acute cholecystitis
what is a ventral hernia and how do you find it
an abdominal hernia that is not in the groin; ask the pt to raise head and shoulder off table
a mass in the abdominal wall remains _____ while an intra-abdominal mass is obscured by muscular contraction
palpable
umbilical hernia
a protrusion through a defective umbilical ring, common in infants and usually closes spontaneously
incisional hernia
protrusion through an operative scar
diastasis recti
separation of the 2 recti muscles through which abdominal contents form a midline ridge with raised head and shoulders
diastasis recti is commonly seen in
repeated pregnancies, obesity, and chronic lung disease. has no clinical consequences
lipoma
common, benign, fatty tumors in subcut tissues of anywhere on body
if you push on a lipoma, will it be firm or mobile
mobile
serious causes of gas include
intestinal obstruction and adynamic (paralytic) ileus.
gas distention is ____ marked in colonic than in small bowel obstruction
more
an abdominal tumor is ____ to percussion
dull
occasionally a distended bladder may be mistaken for a _____
tumor
bowel sounds may be increased by
diarrhea or early intestinal obstruction
bowel sounds may be decreased/absent by
adynamic ileus and peritonitis
how long should you listen before deciding bowel sounds are absent
2 min
high-pitched tinkling bowel sounds suggest
intestinal fluid and air under tension in dilated bowel
rushes of high-pitched sounds that coincide with abdominal cramp indicate
intestinal obstruction
a hepatic bruit suggests
carcinoma of the liver or alcholic hepatitis
venous hum is
a soft humming noise w/ both systolic and diastoic components
venous hum indicates
increased collateral circulation between portal and systemic venous systems, as in hepatic cirrhosis
friction rubs are
grating sounds with respiratory variation
friction rubs indicate
inflammation of peritoneal surface of an organ, as in liver tumor, chlamydial or gonococcal perihepatitis, recent liver biopsy or splenic infarct
systolic bruit + hepatic friction rub =
carcinoma of the liver
abdominal tenderness from a lesion deep to abdominal wall will _____ with flexed abdominal muscles while it _____ with a lesion of the abdominal wall
decrease; remains
abdominal pain and tenderness may result from _____ which may mimic cholecystitis or appendicitis
acute pleurisy
acute salpingitis is
inflammation of teh fallopian tubes
the tenderness of acute salpingitis is maximal where? and motion of uterus causes ____
above inguinal ligaments; pain
tenderness from peritoneal inflammation is more ____ than visceral tenderness
severe
muscular rigidity and rebound tenderness are frequently associated with
peritoneal inflammation
acute cholecystitis tenderness is maximal in
the upper right quadrant
what is not normal about acute pancreatitis
epigastric tenderness and rebound tenderness are present but ab wall may be soft
acute appendicitis has tenderness...
in the lower right quadrant, right rectal tenderness as well as right flank
acute diverticulitis has tenderness over ...
sigmoid colon and resembles left-sided appendicitis
in a downward displaced liver, the diaphragm is ____ and the vertical span of the liver is ___
low; normal
tall people may have elongated livers with long right lobes also called____. volume and size of liver is ____
riedel's lobe; normal
cirrhosis may produce a_____
enlarged liver with a firm, nontender edge
an enlarged liver with a smooth tender edge suggests
inflammation, as in hepatitis, or venous congestion, as in right-sided heart failure
a irregular large liver that is firm or hard and may or may not be tender suggests
malignancy