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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anisocoria
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Pupil inequality- this is normal 20% of pupil < 0.5 mm
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got it?
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look at eye cross section
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Go it?
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Outside eye anatomy
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got it?
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Cross section of eye
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posterior chamber to anterior chamber out the canal of schlemm
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circulating fluid
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small depression in the retinal surface marking point of central vision- fovea is the dark area around this.
Macula surrounds the fovea |
Fundus
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Addie's pupil
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Diagnosis
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Dacryocystitis
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Diagnosis
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Ectropic
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Diagnosis
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Entropion
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Diagnosis
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Episcleritis
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Diagnosis
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Hordeolum
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Diagnosis
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pinguecula
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Diagnosis
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Astigmatism
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Front surface of cornea is curve more in one direction than in the other.
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What is legally blind?
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20/200
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What is another term for an opacity of the lens?
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cataracts
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Asymmetry of color of the iris?
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Heterochromia
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What is anaridia?
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No iris
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What congenital disorder is associated with anaridia?
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Wilm’s tumor
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What is Adie’s pupil?
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A large and unilateral pupil. Severely reduced or absent reaction to light. Near reaction is present although very slowed. Accommodation as well as deep tendon reflex are slowed
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Occulomotor nerve Palsy (CNIII)
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Dilated pupil is fixed to light and near effort. Ptosis of the upper eyelid and lateral deviation of the eye.
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Horner’s syndrome
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Affected pupil is small, but reacts briskly to light and near effort. Ptosis of the eyelid and loss of sweating on the fore
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What is Argyll Robertson pupils
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Small, irregula pupils do not react to light but do react to near effort.
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In funduscopic exam how would papilledema present?
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Indistinct. Blurred edges of the optic disk. Indicative of ICP
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hordeolum
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Painful, tender infection in gland at the margin of the eyelid. Points on the lid margin
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Chalazion
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Subacute nintender nodule involving a mebomian gland. Points inside lid rather than margin
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Ectopion
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Margin of thelid is turned outward exposing the palpebral conjuctiva. Elderly. Dry eye
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Entopium
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Inward turning of lid. Eyelashed may turn in and irritate the eye. Common in the elderly
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Dacryocystitis
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Inflammation of the lacrimal sac causes swelling between the lower lid and the nose. Prominent tearing.
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Xanthelasma
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Slightly raised yellowish, well circumscribed plaques in the skin appear along nasal portions of eyelids. Can be congused with warts
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Periorbital edema
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Fluid accumulated because the skin of the eyelids is loosely attached
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Episcleritis
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Localized ocular redness form inflammation of the episcleral vessels. Benign and self limited
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Pinguecula
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Yeloowish triangular nodule in the bulbar conjuctiva on either side of the iris, occurs with aging. harmless
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Where is the bulbar conjuctiva?
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Convers anterior eyeball and meets cornea at the limbus
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What is the palpebral conjuctiva
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Lines the eyelids
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What are the names of the glands that produce tear fluid?
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Lacrimal glands, meibomian and conjuctival glands
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What is the purpose of tear fluid?
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Protects conjuctiva and cornea from drying, inhibits microbial growth and gives a smooth optical surface to the cornea
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What is the path of internal fluid in the eye?
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Posterior chamber through anterior chamber and out the canal of schlemm
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What is open angle glaucoma
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Drain of fluid from anterior chamber is too slow, even though angle is open
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What is the risks of untreated glaucoma?
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Increase pressure in the anterior chamber can lead to blindness.
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What occurs in closed angle glaucoma?
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Fluid at the front of the eye cannot reach the angle and leave the eye, because of block by iris. There is a sudden increase in pressure, symptoms include severe pain nausea, red eye, blurred vision.
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Congenital glaucoma
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Children are born with eye defect in the angle. Cloudy eyes, excessive tearing. Surgery is recomemded.
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What us pigmentary glaucoma?
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Secondary glaucoma, pigment in iris flackes off and blocks the canal.
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Miosis
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Papillary constriction. Miotic pupils fail to dilate- think sympathetic problem
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Mydriasis
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Papillary dilation >6mm
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What should you think if pupils of diff, size greater difference in light
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Big one cant shrink think open angle glaucoma, tonic pupil, parasympathetic
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What should you think if pupils of diff, size greater difference in dim light
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Small one cant dilate properly think sympathetic problem
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What is amblyopia?
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Caused by stimulus deprivation in critical window of development. Can lead to permanent blindness
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Key point in children vision: birth
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Awareness of light and dark
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Key point in children vision: 2-4 weeks
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Transitory fixation, monocular
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Key point in children vision: 12 weeks
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Convergence improving, beggin depth perception, color vision emerging
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Key point in children vision: 28 weeks
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Bonocular fixation established
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Key point in children vision: 40 weeks
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20/2000
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Key point in children vision: 52 weeks
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20/180
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Key point in children vision: 18 mos.
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Convergence well established. Localization in distance still very crude (runs into things)
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Key point in children vision: 24 mos
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Accommodation well developed vision 20/40
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Key point in children vision: 6 year
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Vision 20/20
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Myopia
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Nearsighted. Impaired far vision
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Hyperopia
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Farsighted. Impain near vision often found in older people
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