Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
ORIF stands for
|
Open Reduction Internal Fixation
|
using pins, rods etc to align and fix a break or fracture after surgical intervention
|
|
|
In this type of fracture the bone is splintered into several little pieces
|
comminuted fracture
|
common when bone has been crushed under a great weight
This may also seriously damage the surrounding tissue, muscle, and skin |
|
|
In this type of fracture the bone is broken all the way through, causing the bones to jam into each other
|
Impacted Fracture
|
People who have jumped or falling from a high elevation
scaffolding or roof |
|
|
the word used to describe the process of bringing the broken ends of a bone into allignment
|
Reduction
|
Reduction in space between bone pieces
|
|
|
used to describe the process of HOLDING a bone into one postion until the fracture heals
|
Fixation
|
Example - a cast is an external fixation
|
|
|
Closed Reduction
|
Simply push or pull the bone back into place (without surgical intervention).
|
The fixation of a cast is often used
|
|
|
Traction
|
The ends of the broken bones are placed in proper allignment and a weight is applied to exert a constant pull and keep the broken bones in allignment
|
Traction is a good alternative, non-surgical method of reduction for those who are not surgery candidates.
Ex/ a person with health problems |
|
|
Skin Traction
|
A weight is suspended from a traction unit that is attached to the person's skin.
|
Often used for fractures of dislocated joints. 5-7 lbs
a more temporary type of traction |
|
|
type of traction used for short periods and with small amount of weight attached
|
Bryantas
|
a fractured femur
conginetal hip dislocation in children under 3 or less than 30 lbs |
|
|
The application of a pulling force to a part of the body or an extermity while a counter traction pulls in the opposite direction
|
Musculoskeltal System Traction
|
Used for relief of pain and muscle spams
Fracture reduction and bone fragment reallignment immobilizing fracture and maintaining allignment until bone healing begins Correct, lessen or prevention of deformites immobilize and prevent future soft tissue damage and diminishment of bleeding |
|
|
A traction applied directly to the skeleton usually by placing pins through the bones. Used for days to weeks with heavy weights
|
Skeletal Traction
|
Examples of skeletal traction
Crutchfield (Skull) tongs (for cervical/c spine or thoracic vertebral fractures) - Halo traction (for cervical fractures) - ex/torticollis |
|
|
This type of traction is done by a pulling force exerted by use of the hands.
|
Manual Traction
|
|
|
|
Traction complications include
|
Increased Muscle spasm
numbness tingling decreased ROM and Muscle strength Pressure ulcers Osteomyelitis |
|
|
|
CVA
|
cerebrovascular accident
(aka a stroke) |
occurs when the brain is deprived of blood flow, causing the tissue to die
|
|
|
Two types of CVA are
|
ischemic stroke
hemmorrhagic stroke |
ischemic = a partial or complete blockage of an aretery in the brain, causing death of tissue
|
|
|
TIA
|
transient ischemic attack
Ex/ blood clots from heart or arteries that supply the brain that break off and block the blood flow |
TIA - temporary decrease in blood flow (ischemia) can be caused by smoking, low BP, sudden change from laying to standing, certain medications.
|
|
|
TBI
|
Traumatic Brain Injury that affects NORMAL brain fuction
Causes = blow to the head penetrating wound (like a bullet) hypoxia (lack of oxygen) such as occurs with drowning |
Mild = temporary loss of consciousness
severe = permenant disabilities or death |
|
|
Forms of TBI
|
Concussion - temp change in mental status caused by head trauma mild type of TBI.
Skull Fracture - occurs when the skull bones break. Cerebral Contussion - bruise on the brain that occurs when the brain tissue hits the skull. |
person may or may not lose consciousness with concussion
|
|
|
Hematoma
|
pooling of blood under the surface of the skin
Can result in increase of ICP |
epidural hemotoma - when blood collects between skull and dura matter (dura - layer of connective tissue that is attached to the skull)
subdural hematoma - when blood collects between dura and arachnoid matter (arachnoid - layer of connective tissue under the dura matter) |
|
|
ICP
|
Intracranial pressure
|
happens in the spaces between the skull and brain
|
|
|
Eight Stages of Rancho Los Amigos scale
|
the levels of assessing the progression of someone recovering from a TBI
|
1. no response to sound, sight, touch or movement.
2. generalized response = delayed or inconsistant response to level 1. ex/ increased blood pressure or moaning can be 2 3. Localized response - a more specific response to what the person sees, hears, or feels. May be awake on and off throughout the day. ex/turning away from a sound withdrawing from pain will respond to simple directions (like look at me). 4. confused and aggitated (may also include combative behavior) - not able to pay attention or concentrate for more than a few seconds. May have difficulty following directions. May be able to perform ADL without assistance. 5. Confused and inappropriate - person may not know day or who they are, or why they are in the hospital. Difficulty completing ADLs without step by step instructions. Easily distracted. 6. confused and appropriate - still confused but can pay attention for about 30 minutes. Consistantly follows directions. Requires less help with ADLs. 7. Automatic inappropriate - able to follow a schedule and do routine ADLs without help. May still have difficulty with judgment and problem solving. 8. Purposeful and appropriate - largely able to function without help. |
|
|
Glasgow Coma Scale
|
Evaluates LOC (level of consciousness)
total score 3-8 = severe impairment total score 9-12 = moderate impairment total score 13-15 = mild impairment |
Best eye opening response
4 = spontaneous 3= to sound of your voice 2= to pain 1= no response Best motor response 6= obeys commands 5 = responds to pain by reaching toward it 4 = withdrawls from pain 3 = shows decorticate posturing (like flexing arms across chest) in response to pain 2 = decorticate posturing - extends arms 1 = no response Best verbal response - 5 = orientated 4 = confused conversation 3 = inappropriate words 2 = garbled sounds 1 = no response |
|
|
Things to observe in patient with TBI
|
change in LOC
-headache or increased head pain -dizziness complaints -restless or aggitated -respiration changes -unequal pupil dilation -complains of sudden weakness or loss of feeling in any part of the body -slurred speech -drainage from ears or nose |
|
|
|
Be aware of the following observations (which may be symptoms of another stroke):
|
-change in LOC
-change in vitals (ESPECIALLY pulse and BP) -Signs or symptoms of a stroke (not present before - for example droooing or drooping of eyelid) -slurred speech or paralysis -tingling in arm, leg, or one side of face -complains of sudden onset of severe headache |
drooling or drooping lid = ptosis
|
