Pcol Test 1 Part 1

Front 1

concerning the carbonic anhydrase inhibiter diuretics

a. tolerance develops rapidly to their effect
b. their diuretic action is less than osmotics
c. they are more diuretic than the potassium sparers
d. A&B
e. B&C

Back 1

concerning the general aspects of the osmotic diuretics, they
a. not extensively metabolised
b.they are freely filtred through the glomerulus
c. they undergo proximal reabsorption
d. A & B
e. B&C

Front 2

Side effects associated with the acetazolamide include
a. taste perversion
b. paraesthesias
c. diarrhoea
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

Back 2

Patients with pre-existing _______ are at an increased risk when given the diuretic mannitol
a. diabetes mellitus
b. gouty arthritis
c. cardiovascular disease
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

Front 3

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are used to treat
a. acidosis-induced CNS depression
b. altitude sickness
c. hyperaldosteronism
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

Back 3

_______ may occur as a pharmacodynamics response to mannitol as a diuretic
a. hypovolaemia
b. hypernatraemia
c. hyperkalaemia
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

Front 4

Pharmacodymanically, the osmotic diuretics are effective by
a. generating Na osmotic gradients in the PCT
b. indirectly blocking Na/Cl symports
c. generating drug-based osmotic gradients throughout the nephron
d. indirectly blocking aldosterone
e. none of the above

Back 4

Therapeutic uses of the various classes of diuretics include treatment of
a. hypertension
b. oedema associated with trauma or heart failure
c. glaucoma and altitude sickness
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

Front 5

Central diabetes insipidus may be effectively treated with
a. lithium
b. lypressin
c. demeclocycline
d. hydrochlorothiazide
e. isosorbide

Back 5

Hydrochlorothiazide is effective in treating diabetes insipidus by _______ pharmacodynamically
a. generating Na osmotic gradients in the PCT
b. indirectly blocking Na/Cl symports
c. generating drug-based osmotic gradients throughout the nephrons
d. indirectly blocking aldosterone
e. none of the above

Front 6

Hydrochlorothiazide therapy in diabetes insipidus is most effective if
a. the patient is placed on a salt-restricted diet
b. the diet is rich in calcium
c. a purine-free diet is in place
d. placed on a diabetic diet
e. none of the above

Back 6

Hyperkalaemia may be effectively treated with
a. furosemide
b. sodium polystyrene sulphonate
c. dialysis
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

Front 7

Sodium polystyrene sulphonate is effective by ______ potassium
a. promoting biliary secretion of
b. promoting renal excretion of
c. inhibiting renal reabsorption of
d. blocking intestinal absorption/re-absorption of
e. causing shifts of extracellular

Back 7

considering most diuretic drugs, their diuretic action is dependent upon
a. osmotic pressure gradients
b. activation of anti-diuretic hormone
c. movement of sodium
d. A&C
e. all of the above

Front 8

Pharmacodynamically, all inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system will
a. prevent angiotensin-mediated vasoconstriction
b. reduce circulating levels of angiotensin II
c. reduce secretion of aldosterone
d. A &C
e. all of the above

Back 8

Pharmacodynamic effects that contribute to the hypotensive effect of all inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system include
a. vasodilation
b. reductions in renal sodium reabsorption
c. blocking angiotensin I at its receptor
d. blocking angiotensin II at its receptor
e. blocking aldosterone at its receptor

Front 9

Mechanistically, aliskiren and related drugs exert their effect by
a. inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme
b. inhibiting the action of renin
c. blocking angiotensin I at its receptor
d. blocking angiotensin II at its receptor
e. blocking aldosterone at its receptor

Back 9

Initial dosing with lisinopril should
a. consist of large loading dose
b. start with a low dose and titrate upwards
c. be based upon gender and race
d. A &B
e. A &C

Front 10

The dosing approach noted in #41 should be used to
a. achieve stead state as quickly as possible
b. avoid to rapid a drop in blood pressure
c. account for genetic based differences in drug action
d. A & B
e. B & C

Back 10

ADRs that may occur with fosinorpril include
a. angio-oedema
b. cough
c. nephron-and/or hepato-toxicity
d. A & B
e. all of the above

Front 11

The metabolism of _____ is mediated at least in part by the 3A4 pathway and therefore making the drug of a of drug interactions
a. azilsartan
b. losartan
c. aliskiren
d. A & B
e. B&C

Back 11

Concerning general ADRs associated with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
a. angio-oedema occurs more frequently in asians
b. all drugs in the pharmacodynamics class can cause severe cough
c. angio-oedema is less likely with the ARBs and renin inhibitors
d. A & C
e. B & C

Front 12

# 46 Concerning the potential for birth defects with inhibitors or the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system it is possible with
a. the ACE inhibitors
b. the ARBs
c. renin inhibitors
d. A & C
e. all of the above

Back 12

Birth defects that could occurs with the drugs noted in #46 may include
a. skull malformation
b. retarded pulmonary development
c. death
d. A & B
e. all of the above

Front 13

Mechanistically, diltiazem exerts its anti-angina effect by
a. antagonist action at EDRF receptors
b. beta adrenergic receptor antagonism
c. blocking cardiovascular calcium channels
d. blocking vascular sodium channels
e. B&C

Back 13

Pharmacodynamically, ______ will cause both negative inotropic and negative chronotropic effects
a. nitroglycerin
b. nifedipine
c. propranolol
d. diltiazem
e. C&D

Front 14

Pharmacodynamically, ______ will cause a preferential arteriodilatation
a. nitroglycerin
b. nifedipine
c. propranolol
d. diltiazem
e. C&D

Back 14

Pharmacodynamically, ______ can cause reflex tachycardia as a potential side effects
a. nitroglycerin
b. nifedipine
c. propranolol
d. diltiazem
e. C&D

Front 15

Pharmacodynamically, the beneficial effects of ______ include causing a reduction in preload
a. nitroglycerin
b. nifedipine
c. propranolol
d. diltiazem
e. all of the above

Back 15

Pharmacodynamically, the beneficial effects of ______ include a reduction in heart rate
a. nitroglycerin
b. nifedipine
c. isosorbide dinitrate
d. verapamil
e. all of the above

Front 16

Pharmacodynamically, the beneficial effects of _______ are ultimately due to reductions in cardiac workload and myocardian oxygen demand
a. nitroglycerin
b. nifedipine
c. isosorbide dinitrate
d. verapamil
e. all of the above

Back 16

The anti-anginal drug ______ may cause methaemoglobinaemia as a toxic side effect
a. nitroglycerin
b. nifedipine
c. isosorbide dinitrate
d. verapamil
e. B & D

Front 17

The anti-angina drug ______ may be especially prone to cause drug interactions due to its ability to inhibit the 3A4 pathway
a. nitroglycerin
b. nifedipine
c. propranolol
d. diltiazem
e. A & B

Back 17

side effects associated with nitroglycerin may include
a. headache
b. flushing
c. itch
d. A&B
e. B & C

Front 18

Tolerance develops rapidly to the anti-angina effects of
a. ranolazine
b. dipyridamole
c. nitroglycerin
d. nifedipine
e. propranolol

Back 18

Contributors to the anti-anginal effects of nadolol include
a. beta 2-mediated vascular effects
b. beta 1- mediated cardiac effects
c. membrane-stabilizing activity
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

Front 19

The anti-anginal effects of _______ are though to be mediated by a sodium channel blockade mediated reduction in cardiac workload
a. dipyridamole
b. isosorbide dinitrate
c. metoprolol
d. ranolazine
e. nifedipine

Back 19

Mechistically, dipridamole could be effective in angina, at least theoretically, though
a. inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3
b. blockade of adenosine reuptake
c. antagonism of ADP
d. A & B
e. B & C

Front 20

Concerning the anti-anginal drug ranolazine
a. it may cause torsade de pointes
b. it does not significantly lower heart rate or blood pressure
c. it is metabolized by the 3A4 and 2D6 pathways
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

Back 20

The primary beneficial effect of anti-anginal drug ______ is an increase in oxygen supply to the myocardium
a. nitroglycerin
b. verapamil
c. ranolazine
d. all of the above
e. none of the above