Pcm1 Exam 1

Front 1

3 functions of a medical interview

Back 1

1. Information Gathering
2. Relationship Building
3. Patient Education

Front 2

7 essential elements of physician-patient communication

Back 2

1. opening the discussion
2. gathering information
3. understanding the patient’s perspective
4 sharing information
5 reaching agreement on problems and plan
6 providing closure

Front 3

5 common communication patterns

Back 3

1 narrowly biomedical
2 expanded biomedical
3 biopsychosocial
4 psychosocial
5consumerist

Front 4

PEARLS

Back 4

P- Partnership
E- Empathy
A- Apology
R- Respect
L- Legitimization
S- Support

Front 5

explicit barrier

Back 5

existence and basis of barrier are obvious

Front 6

Implicit barrier

Back 6

that are unstated and not obvious on the surface of the interaction

Front 7

Cognitive Dissonance

Back 7

information just does “add up”.

Front 8

Verbal-nonverbal mismatch

Back 8

a patient’s words and physical cues do not match.

Front 9

Unexpected Resistance

Back 9

emotional or charged response (like defensiveness) is a surprise for the physician.

Front 10

Physical Discomfort

Back 10

physician has emotional response (like defensiveness

Front 11

Patient Centered Medicine

Back 11

a model of medicine where the patient is at the center, surrounded by “teams” of people who are influencing the patient’s life and health.

Front 12

Medical professionalism

Back 12

the norms that guide the relationships in which physicians engage in the care of patients

Front 13

Professionalis

Back 13

Focus on the character of the individual practitioner and on personal integrity

Front 14

John Dewey

Back 14

credit for beginning the use of service learning, emphasizing collaborative learning, social development, and working for the benefit of others.

Front 15

Service Learning

Back 15

a structured learning experience that combined community service with preparation and reflection.

Front 16

Praxis

Back 16

the action and reflection of men and women upon their world in order to transform it

Front 17

Clinical Bioethics

Back 17

The practice of facilitating, mediating and resolving conflicts that arise out of the clinical encounter

Front 18

Clinical Bioethics

Back 18

The study of ethical issues that arise out of the clinical encounter

Front 19

Ethics Committee

Back 19

a service provided by an individual or a group to help patients, families, surrogates, healthcare providers, or other involved parties address uncertainty or conflict regarding value-laden issues that emerge in healthcare

Front 20

Goals of an Ethics Committee

Back 20

1. To promote an ethical resolution of the case at hand
2. To establish comfortable and respectful communication among the parties involved
3. To help those involved to work through ethical uncertainties and disagreements on their own
4. To help the institution recognize ethical patterns that need attention

Front 21

Major issues involved in ethics consultations

Back 21

1. patient autonomy and decision making capacity
2. end of life care
3. improving communication

Front 22

Reflection

Back 22

a process of critical self-analysis, which enables the practitioner to identify essential professional problems, to challenge self-evident truths, to seek feedback and to use it for personal professional development.

Front 23

Goal of reflection

Back 23

to encourage an approach of critical self-analysis as the experience and knowledge of medical school accumulate.

Front 24

arete

Back 24

goodness, excellence, or virtue of any kind

Front 25

Four characteristics of medicine as a profession

Back 25

1.A distinctive expertise which is the product of extensive study and practical skill
2. This expertise that is expected of physicians is the source of great benefits for those who seek their care
3. As a consequence of this distinctive expertise, physicians are allowed to have extensive decision making power regarding the care of patients, both individuals and socially
4. Individual physicians and medicine as a whole have special professional obligations to society and those who seek medical care

Front 26

Commercial Medicine

Back 26

The physician is a producer, the patient is a client and consumer. The physician and patient relationship is competitive as is the physician physician relationship Medical knowledge and skills are valuable commodities that can be purchased in the marketplace.

Front 27

Normative Medicine

Back 27

Physicians have made a commitment as part of joining the profession to care for the good of the patient and society. The well being of the patient is paramount. the relationship between physician and patient is based on trust

Front 28

Lifestyle Medicine

Back 28

Physicians have made a commitment to care for the good of the patient and society, but that obligation to the patient is limited by the desires of the individual physician to choose a lifestyle that allows the physician to pursue other important goods and activities. A choice of practice is made mainly on how it will benefit the physician rather than any obligation to use one's skills, education, and talent to help others.

Front 29

Palliative Care

Back 29

active total care for patient's whose disease is not reponsive to curative treatments symptom control is paramount

Front 30

Palliative medicine

Back 30

the study of the management of patients withe active, progressive, far advanced disease for which the prognosis is limited and the focus of the care is the quality of life

Front 31

Hospice

Back 31

a philosophy of care for terminally ill patients and their families focusing on control of physical symptoms and emotional and spiritual support for the patient and family as well as berevement support for the family after death

Front 32

Narrative Ethics

Back 32

Presenting clinical bioethics cases in narrative form explains the case in ordinary language and tries to convey its story-like quality.

Front 33

6 Narrative ethics steps

Back 33

The Narrative of the Case:
The Language and Issues of the Case
Perspectives and Key Points of View
Facilitating Resolution
What Actually Happened
Commentary

Front 34

Principle Based Ethics

Back 34

Presenting based on the principles of bioethics ex: patient autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice.

Front 35

Autonomy

Back 35

An individual is a law unto himself/herself; the desires of an individual are self-determining

Front 36

Informed Consent

Back 36

1. Explanation, risks and benefits, alternatives, outcomes
2. Patient demonstrates understanding

Front 37

Competence

Back 37

1. Competence as a legal concept
2. Capable of handling information as a medical concept

Front 38

Beneficence

Back 38

The acting out of a genuine desire to do what is good for the patient

Front 39

Non-maleficence

Back 39

avoid evil or harm

Front 40

Justice

Back 40

Treating individuals equally.

Front 41

Virtue Ethics

Back 41

Focus is on the actor and it carefully considers what is the meaning of the action. Considers issues of personal growth, the meaning of relationships, and character.

Front 42

Sensitivity

Back 42

expresses its ability to “pick up” real cases of the disease in question.

Front 43

Specificity

Back 43

refers to a test’s ability to “rule out” disease in normal people

Front 44

1) Therapeutic Core Qualities

Back 44

1. Respect
2. Genuineness
3. Empathy

Front 45

Iatrotropic Stimulus

Back 45

what caused the patient to seek treatment in the first place

Front 46

Three functions of the Medical Interview

Back 46

1. Gather Data
2. Develop physician patient relationship
3. council and negotiate

Front 47

Legitimation

Back 47

validating patient’s feeling as reasonable and appropriate.