Pcm 2 Midterm

Front 1

This drug has weak diuretic properties that work on the proximal convoluted tubule

Back 1

Acetazolamide - a carbonic anhydrase inhbitor that inhibits the reabsorption of HCO3 in the proximal convoluted tubule

Front 2

Inhibits the reabsorption of Na and Cl in the distal convoluted tubule, resulting in retention of water in the tubule

Back 2

Thiazides - most commonly used diuretic

Front 3

Aldosterone antagonist that inhibits the aldosterone mediated reabsorption of Na and secretion of K and works at the collecting tubule and duct

Back 3

Spironolactone - can prevent loss of K that occurs with thiazide or loop diuretics

Front 4

These work at the collecting tubule and duct. Block Na channels

Back 4

amiloride and triamterene - can prevent loss of K that occurs with thiazide or loop diuretics

Front 5

These diuretics are the most efficacious. Inhibit the Na/K/2Cl cotransport in the ascending loop of Henle resulting in retention of Na, Cl and water in the tubule

Back 5

Bumetanide, Furosemide, Torsemide, Ethacrynic Acid

Front 6

This is the diuretic of choice if a patient has a true sulfa allergic reaction to the thiazides and loops

Back 6

Ethacrynic Acid 25 or 50mg - has no sulfa in the molecule

Front 7

These diuretics decrease Na, K, Mg, and Ca and have risk of ototoxicity

Back 7

Loop diuretics - Lasix (Furosemide), Bumex (Bumetanide), Demadex (Torsemide), Edecrin (Ethacryinic Acid)
ototoxicity more common with Edecrin

Front 8

What milligram of Demadex (Torsemide) is equivalent to 40 mg Lasix (Furosemide)

Back 8

20 mg (Twenty = torsemide, Forty = Furosemide)

Front 9

These diuretics decrease Na, K, Mg and INCREASE Ca (advantage in HTN elderly females at risk for osteoporosis)

Back 9

Thiazides (HCTZ, indapamide, chlorthalidone)

Front 10

Indicated in the treatment of hyperaldosteronism

Back 10

Aldactone (Spironolactone)

Front 11

What is the HTN dose of Spironolactone?

Back 11

25 mg BID

Front 12

What is the ascites in cirrhosis dose of Spironolactone?

Back 12

50 mg QID

Front 13

How many mg of the PO formulation of Propranolol is equivalent to the 1mg of the IV formulation?

Back 13

40 mg - the hepatic extraction and first-pass metabolism leaves only 1 out of the 40 mg left in the circulation

Front 14

Which Beta Blocker is highly lipohilic?

Back 14

Inderide - Propranolol/HCTZ 40/25mg - monitor for depression

Front 15

Long acting, non-selective BB, renally eliminated

Back 15

Corgard (Nadolol) 20, 40, 80, 120, 160 mg QD

Front 16

This BB causes less bradycardia and CNS depressing effects than other beta-blockers

Back 16

Visken (Pindolol) - non-selective BB w/ ISA (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity) 5, 10 mg BID
similar to Acebutolol (Sectral)

Front 17

This BB is B1 selective (less COPD warning) with increased Nitric Oxide production (increases NO results in vasodilation)

Back 17

Bystolic (Nevibolol) 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg per day
2 ways to lower BP = Bi
The most cardioselective BB

Front 18

This BB is B1 selective in low doses, QD or BID, not as lipophilic as propranolol

Back 18

Lopressor (Metoprolol Tartrate) 25, 50, 100 mg

Front 19

Long acting BB, scored, can be cut in half

Back 19

Toprol XL - Metoprolol Succinate - 25, 50, 100, 200 mg QD dose

Front 20

B-1 selectivity in low doses
this is the most hydrophilic one
once daily

Back 20

Tenormin (Atenolol) - 25, 50, 100

Front 21

Non-selective BB (Blocks 1 and 2) alpha 1 blocker
TAKE WITH FOOD to slow rate of absorption and reduce incidence of orthostasis

Back 21

Coreg (carvedilol) 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25 BID

Coreg CR 10, 20, 40, 80 mg QAM

Front 22

What is the conversion of Coreg to Coreg CR?

Back 22

3.125 mg BID = 10 mg QD
6.25 mg BID = 20 mg QD
12.5 mg BID = 40 mg QD
25 mg BID = 80 mg QD

Front 23

This drug slows and strengthens the heart (negative chronotrope, positive inotrope)

Back 23

Lanoxin, Digitek (Digoxin) - yellow 0.125 mg, white 0.25 mg (1 tsp of oral solution = 1 white tablet)

Front 24

Name the adverse effects of Digitalis toxicty and name the treatment

Back 24

GI upset, slow pulse, then visual disturbance (doesn't eat and feels bad).
Give Digibind

Front 25

What is the half-life of Digoxin?

Back 25

40 hours

Front 26

This drug is a centrally acting alpha-2 agonist: decreases NE flow = lowering BP, used to treat HTN in pregnant patients

Back 26

Aldomet (Methyldopa) 125, 250, 500 mg (250 2 to 3 times a day)
similar to clonidine

Bradycardia & depression (risk of syncope)

Front 27

What color is the 1 mg coumadin?

Back 27

Pink

Front 28

What color is the 2 mg coumadin?

Back 28

Lavender

Front 29

What color is the 2.5 mg coumadin?

Back 29

Green

Front 30

What color is the 3 mg coumadin?

Back 30

Brown

Front 31

What color is the 4 mg coumadin?

Back 31

Blue

Front 32

What color is the 5 mg coumadin?

Back 32

Peach

Front 33

What color is the 6 mg coumadin?

Back 33

Teal

Front 34

What color is the 7.5 mg coumadin?

Back 34

Yellow

Front 35

What color is the 10 mg coumadin?

Back 35

White - no color, no dye

Front 36

Interferes with the hepatic synthesis of Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX, X

Back 36

Coumadin (Warfarin)

Front 37

What is the usual INR target range?

Back 37

2 to 3 except prosthetic heart valves are up to 3.5

Front 38

The INR will be increased when these types of drugs are given with Warfarin increasing risk of hemorrhage

Back 38

CYP - 450 inhibitors: Tagamet, Prozac, Paxil

Front 39

The INR willbe decreased increasing risk of clot when warfarin is given with these types of drugs

Back 39

CYP450 inducers: St. John's Wort, Phenytoin, carbamazepin, barbiturates, griseofulvin, and rifampin

Front 40

These potassiun chloride tablets can be mixed in water to drink

Back 40

K-dur

Front 41

What is the target K level?

Back 41

3.5 to 5 (remember GPA of 4)

Front 42

1 mEq = ? mg of KCL

Back 42

75 mg (mwt of KCL = 75.1

Front 43

How many mg of nitroglycerin is in 1/150 grain

Back 43

0.4 mg

Front 44

What are the new guidelines of when to call 911 when taking nitrates

Back 44

If, after the first SL dose, the chest pain worsens, or does not get better, call 911

Front 45

Why should you not shake the Nitrolingual Pumpspray?

Back 45

This would result in inaccurate delivery. More of the diluent goes on or under the tongue and less of the drug

Front 46

How do you apply the nitro-bid ointment 2%?

Back 46

0.5 to 2 inches measured out on paper and spread a thin layer over 2 to 3 inches area of chest or back in AM and then 6 hrs later. NEED 10-12 hour nitrate free period!

Front 47

Adjunct to coumarin-type anticoagulants (coumadin) in the prevention of thromboembolic complications of cardiac valve replacement, inhibits platelet adhesion, may be inappropriate for elderly -orthostasis, gi upset

Back 47

Persantine (Dipyridamole) 25, 50, 75 mg

Front 48

Tartaric Acid is included in this drug providing 50% higher absorption than the immediate-release formulation

Back 48

Aggrenox (200 mg ER Dipyridamole with 25 mg aspirin)

Front 49

These have a potential for pedal edema, dizziness, gingival hyperplasia

Back 49

Calcium Channel Blockers: Dihydropyridine class (-ipines)
nifedipine, isradipine, nisoldipine, amlodipine, felodipine, nicardipine

Front 50

Name the Calcium Channel Blockers - NON-dihydropyridine

Back 50

Diltiazem, Verapamil

Front 51

This ACE inhibitor is great for patients who can not swallow pills, open capsule and put in apple sauce

Back 51

Altace (Ramipril) 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 mg

Front 52

This ACE inhibitor is eliminated 50% in urine and feces - advantage in renally impaired patients

Back 52

Monopril (Fosinopril) 10, 20, 40 mg

Front 53

Which antihypertensive medication is a Direct Renin Inhibitor?

Back 53

Tekturna (Aliskiren) 150, 300 mg

Front 54

What is the max dose of clonidine per day?

Back 54

2.4 mg (comes 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mg usually BID to TID)

Front 55

These are alpha-1 blockers, long acting alpha-1 antagonist
Take at 8 pm
First dose Syncope
Must be combined with other Antihypertensive meds, compelling indication HTN and BPH

Back 55

Hytrin (Terazosin) 1, 2, 5, 10
Cardura (Doxazosin) 1, 2, 4, 8

Front 56

An arteriolar vasodilator that causes drug induced systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE), reversible upon discontiuation used for HTN in pregnant patients

Back 56

Apresoline (Hydralazine)

Front 57

The only fibrate approved for use in combination with a statin

Back 57

Trilipix (fenofibric acid (the metabolite of fenofibrate)) Capsules delayed release 45, 135 mg QD

Front 58

If take Questran first how long should a patient wait to take another drug?

Back 58

4-6 hours

Front 59

If take drug first, how long should a patient wait to take Questran?

Back 59

2 hours

Front 60

Class I anti-arrhythmic Drugs are?

Back 60

Na Channel Blockers (Na+ = valence of sodium is 1)

Front 61

Class II anti-arrhythmic Drugs are?

Back 61

Beta-Blocker (2 words Beta Blocker)
Mostly Inderal and Sotolol

Front 62

Class III anti-arrhythmic Drugs are?

Back 62

Amiodarone and Sotolol (Cor-dar-one = 3 syllables)

Front 63

Class IV anti-arrhythmic Drugs are?

Back 63

Calcium Channel Blockers (Verapamil - Ver-ap-a-mil = 4 syllables)

Front 64

Class Ic antiarrhythmic
Blocks Sodium Channels
should be dosed Q12h

Back 64

Tambocor (Flecainide) 50, 100, 150 mg

Front 65

Indicated for life-threatening Ventricular Arrhythmias
Unlabeled use: A-Fib, maintenance of sinus rhythm

Back 65

Cordarone (Amiodarone) 200 mg, inj

Front 66

This Drug has characteristics of all 4 Vaughn Williams classes - predominantly Class 3 effects

Back 66

Cordarone (Amiodarone)

Front 67

This drug has potential fatal toxicity - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Potential Optic Neuropathy and/or
neuritis
Pulomonary Problems (Smurf Syndrome) - rare

Back 67

Cordarone (Amiodarone)