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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is cardiac output and what is the normal amount?
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-the amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle in 1 minute
-normal CO is 4-8L/min -CO=SV x HR |
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What determines CO?
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CO is determined by preload afterload contractility and heart rate
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What is SV? (stroke volume)
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SV is the amount of blood pumped through the ventricle with each contraction
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What is preload?
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The degree to which your muscle fibers are lengthened before each contraction
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What is the Frank Starling law?
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increase in preload=increase in CO
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What can cause an increase in preload?
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-increase in volume circulating
-venous constriction -vasoconstrictors |
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What is afterload?
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initial resisitance the ventricles have to overcome in order to develop force and contraction
-factors include: arterial resistance, wall stress and thickness, aortic impedance and blood viscosity -systemic vascular resistance is a rough estimate of afterload |
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Increased afterload is seen in ...
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-aortic stenosis: plaque build up in the artery
-HTN -use or arterial vasoconstrictor drugs |
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Decreased afterload is seen in...
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-hypovolemia (dehydrated)
-sepsis (inflammatory response, pt vasodilates) -use of arterial vasodilators |
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What is cardiac index?
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CO corrected for differences in body size
-normal CI is 2.5-4L/min |
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What is EF?
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percentage of blood in ventricle ejected with each contraction
-normal is 50-70% -good show of ventricle function |
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What is pulse pressure?
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difference between systolic and diastolic pressures
-normal is 30-40 mmHg -with cardiac tamponade you will see narrowing pulse pressure |
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What is MAP?
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average arterial pressure during the cardiac cycle, dependent on mean arterial blood volume and elasticity of the arterial wall
-normally between 70-110 -are we getting enough blood flow to vital organs? when MAP is <60 kidneys are not getting perfused adequately |
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What is ACS?
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stable angina/unstable angina/variant angina
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Stable angina
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CP that goes away with rest
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Unstable angina
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CP that does not go away with rest-may need tx
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Variant angina
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coronary artery spasms
-more common in women -seen in meth/cocaine users causes: stress caffeine drugs ideopathic |
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Ischemia shows what on an EKG
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T wave inversion
ST segment depression lack of O2 give 4L if <94%-cath lab/drugs/PCI |
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The EKG will show injury if....
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the ST segment is elevated (or new BBB)
-STEMI -NSTEMI check trops to rule out NSTEMI |
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Infarction
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pathologic Q waves; may or may not be permanent
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