Pcc - Bio 233 - Week 3 Lab (Stevens) - Digestive System

Front 1

What are the four functions of the digestive system?

Back 1

Ingest food
Digest food
Absorb nutrients
Eliminate indigestible waste

Front 2

What seven organs are considered to be part of the alimentary canal?

Back 2

Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Anus

Front 3

What six organs are considered to be accessory organs in the digestive system?

Back 3

Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Gall bladder
Liver
Pancreas

Front 4

Identify 1

Back 4

Mouth (oral cavity)

Front 5

Identify 2

Back 5

Esophagus

Front 6

Identify 3

Back 6

Liver

Front 7

Identify 4

Back 7

Gallbladder

Front 8

Identify 5

Back 8

Small intestine

Front 9

Identify 6

Back 9

Duodenum

Front 10

Identify 7

Back 10

Jejunum

Front 11

Identify 8

Back 11

Ileum

Front 12

Identify 9

Back 12

Salivary glands

Front 13

Identify 10

Back 13

Tongue

Front 14

Identify 11

Back 14

Parotid gland

Front 15

Identify 12

Back 15

Sublingual gland

Front 16

Identify 13

Back 16

Submandibular gland

Front 17

Identify 14

Back 17

Pharynx

Front 18

Identify 15

Back 18

Stomach

Front 19

Identify 16

Back 19

Pancreas

Front 20

Identify 17

Back 20

Spleen

Front 21

Identify 18

Back 21

Large intestine

Front 22

Identify 19

Back 22

Transverse colon

Front 23

Identify 20

Back 23

Descending colon

Front 24

Identify 21

Back 24

Ascending colon

Front 25

Identify 22

Back 25

Cecum

Front 26

Identify 23

Back 26

Sigmoid colon

Front 27

Identify 24

Back 27

Rectum

Front 28

Identify 25

Back 28

Vermiform appendix

Front 29

Identify 26

Back 29

Anal canal

Front 30

Identify 27

Back 30

Anus

Front 31

What are the three salivary glands?

Back 31

The parotid gland (superior and posterior to the oral cavity)
The sublingual gland (inferior to the tongue)
The submandibular gland (inferior to the oral cavity, near the temporomandibular joint)

Front 32

Name the major organs that food will encounter as it transits the digestive system, in the order that it would encounter them.

Back 32

Mouth > Pharynx > Esophagus > Stomach > Small Intestine > Large Intestine > Anus

Front 33

Name the portions of the small intestine, in the order that food would encounter them.

Back 33

Enters the small intestine from the stomach through the pyloric sphincter:
Duodenum > Jejunum > Ileum
Exits from the small intestine to the large intestine through the ileocecal sphincter

Front 34

Name the portions of the areas of the large intestine, in the order that food would encounter them.

Back 34

Enters from the small intestine to the large intestine through the ileocecal sphincter
Cecum (passing, but not entering the Vermiform appendix) > Ascending colon (along right side of body) > Transverse colon (from right to left side of body) > Descending colon (along left side of body) > Sigmoid colon > Rectum
Exits the large intestine through the two anal sphincters and out of the body via the anus

Front 35

If you have appendicitis, on what side of your abdomen are you likely to feel pain?

Back 35

Right (because that's where the vermiform appendix is)

Front 36

Identify 1

Back 36

Mesentery

Front 37

Identify 2

Back 37

Nerve

Front 38

Identify 3

Back 38

Artery

Front 39

Identify 4

Back 39

Vein

Front 40

Identify 5

Back 40

Myenteric nerve plexus (one of the intrinsic nerve plexuses)

Front 41

Identify 6

Back 41

Submucosal nerve plexus (one of the intrinsic nerve plexuses)

Front 42

Identify 7

Back 42

Gland in submucosa

Front 43

Identify 8

Back 43

Epithelium (part of the mucosa)

Front 44

Identify 9

Back 44

Lamina propria (part of the mucosa)

Front 45

Identify 10

Back 45

Muscularis mucosae (part of the mucosa)

Front 46

Identify 11

Back 46

Submucosa

Front 47

Identify 12

Back 47

Longitudinal muscle (part of the muscularis externa)

Front 48

Identify 13

Back 48

Circular muscle (part of the muscularis externa)

Front 49

Within the stomach only, what additional layer would be found between the layers indicated by 11 and 13?

Back 49

Oblique muscle (part of the muscularis externa)

Front 50

Identify 14

Back 50

Epithelium (part of the serosa)

Front 51

Identify 15

Back 51

Connective tissue (part of the serosa)

Front 52

Identify 16

Back 52

Lumen

Front 53

Identify 17

Back 53

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

Front 54

Identify 18

Back 54

Gland in mucosa

Front 55

Identify 19

Back 55

Duct of gland outside alimentary canal

Front 56

What is this? What are the four areas of this picture that you should be able to identify?

Back 56

The is the stomach. Be able to identify the mucosa, the muscularis mucosae, the submucosa, and the muscularis externa.

Front 57

Identify 1

Back 57

Gingivae (gums)

Front 58

Identify 2

Back 58

Palatine raphe

Front 59

Identify 3

Back 59

Hard palate

Front 60

Identify 4

Back 60

Soft palate

Front 61

Identify 5

Back 61

Uvula

Front 62

Identify 6

Back 62

Palatine tonsil

Front 63

Identify 7

Back 63

Duct of submandibular gland

Front 64

Identify 8

Back 64

Vestibule

Front 65

Identify 9

Back 65

Inferior lip

Front 66

Identify 10

Back 66

Superior lip

Front 67

Identify 11

Back 67

Superior labial frenulum

Front 68

Identify 12

Back 68

Palatoglossal arch (anterior)

Front 69

Identify 13

Back 69

Palatopharyngeal arch (posterior)

Front 70

Identify 14

Back 70

Posterior wall of oropharynx

Front 71

Identify 15

Back 71

Tongue

Front 72

Identify 16

Back 72

Lingual frenulum

Front 73

Identify 17

Back 73

Gingivae (gums)

Front 74

Identify 18

Back 74

Inferior labial frenulum

Front 75

Identify 1

Back 75

Uvula

Front 76

Identify 2

Back 76

Soft palate

Front 77

Identify 3

Back 77

Palatoglosal arch

Front 78

Identify 4

Back 78

Palatine tonsil

Front 79

Identify 5

Back 79

Hard palate

Front 80

Identify 6

Back 80

Oral cavity

Front 81

Identify 7

Back 81

Tongue

Front 82

Identify 8

Back 82

Lingual tonsil

Front 83

Identify 9

Back 83

Oropharynx

Front 84

Identify 10

Back 84

Epiglottis

Front 85

Identify 11

Back 85

Laryngopharynx

Front 86

Identify 12

Back 86

Hyoid bone

Front 87

Identify 13

Back 87

Esophagus

Front 88

Identify 14

Back 88

Trachea

Front 89

Identify 15

Back 89

Opening of the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube in nasopharynx

Front 90

Identify 1

Back 90

Tongue

Front 91

Identify 2

Back 91

Teeth

Front 92

Identify 3

Back 92

Ducts of sublingual gland

Front 93

Identify 4

Back 93

Frenulum of tongue

Front 94

Identify 5

Back 94

Sublingual gland

Front 95

Identify 6

Back 95

Mylohyoid muscle

Front 96

Identify 7

Back 96

Parotid gland

Front 97

Identify 8

Back 97

Parotid duct

Front 98

Identify 9

Back 98

Masseter muscle

Front 99

Identify 10

Back 99

Body of mandible

Front 100

Identify 12

Back 100

Submandibular gland

Front 101

Identify 11

Back 101

Submandibular duct

Front 102

What is this? What should you be able to identify?

Back 102

Sublingual salivary gland. Be able to identify serous demilunes and mucous tubules.

Front 103

Identify 1

Back 103

Esophagus

Front 104

Identify 2

Back 104

Longitudinal layer (of muscularis externa)

Front 105

Identify 3

Back 105

Circular layer (of muscularis externa)

Front 106

Identify 4

Back 106

Oblique layer (of muscularis externa)

Front 107

Identify 5

Back 107

Lesser curvature

Front 108

Identify 6

Back 108

Pylorus

Front 109

Identify 7

Back 109

Duodenum

Front 110

Identify 8

Back 110

Pyloric sphincter (valve)

Front 111

Identify 9

Back 111

Pyloric canal

Front 112

Identify 10

Back 112

Pyloric antrum

Front 113

Identify 11

Back 113

Greater curvature

Front 114

Identify 12

Back 114

Rugae of mucosa

Front 115

Identify 13

Back 115

Body of stomach

Front 116

Identify 14

Back 116

Serosa

Front 117

Identify 15

Back 117

Fundus

Front 118

Identify 16

Back 118

Cardiac region

Front 119

What is this? What should you know about it?

Back 119

Gastroesophageal junction. The stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus (to resist abrasion) gives way to the simple columnar epithelium of the stomach here

Front 120

Identify 1

Back 120

Mucosa

Front 121

Identify 2

Back 121

Muscularis externa

Front 122

Identify 3

Back 122

Surface epithelium (of mucosa)

Front 123

Identify 4

Back 123

Lamina propria (of mucosa)

Front 124

Identify 5

Back 124

Muscularis mucosae (of mucosa)

Front 125

Identify 6

Back 125

Submucosa

Front 126

Identify 7

Back 126

Oblique layer (of muscularis externa)

Front 127

Identify 8

Back 127

Circular layer (of muscularis externa)

Front 128

Identify 9

Back 128

Longitudinal layer (of muscularis externa)

Front 129

Identify 10

Back 129

Serosa

Front 130

Identify 11

Back 130

Gastric pit

Front 131

Identify 12

Back 131

Gastric gland

Front 132

Identify 13

Back 132

Gastric pits

Front 133

Identify 14

Back 133

Surface epithelium

Front 134

Identify 15

Back 134

Mucous neck cells

Front 135

Identify 16

Back 135

Parietal cell

Front 136

Identify 17

Back 136

Gastric glands

Front 137

Identify 18

Back 137

Chief cell

Front 138

Identify 19

Back 138

Enteroendocrine cell

Front 139

#20 is an illustration of an interaction between #22 and #23 - what is it?

Back 139

Pepsinogen (from chief cells) turns into pepsin in the presence of HCl, which is released by parietal cells

Front 140

Identify 21

Back 140

Mitochondria in parietal cell

Front 141

Identify 22

Back 141

Parietal cell

Front 142

Identify 23

Back 142

Chief cell

Front 143

Identify 24

Back 143

Enteroendocrine cell

Front 144

Identify 1

Back 144

Liver

Front 145

Identify 2

Back 145

Lesser omentum

Front 146

Identify 3

Back 146

Pancreas

Front 147

Identify 4

Back 147

Falciform ligament

Front 148

Identify 5

Back 148

Stomach

Front 149

Identify 6

Back 149

Duodenum

Front 150

Identify 7

Back 150

Transverse mesocolon

Front 151

Identify 8

Back 151

Transverse colon

Front 152

Identify 9

Back 152

Mesentery

Front 153

Identify 10

Back 153

Greater omentum

Front 154

Identify 11

Back 154

Jejunum

Front 155

Identify 12

Back 155

Ileum

Front 156

Identify 13

Back 156

Visceral peritoneum

Front 157

Identify 14

Back 157

Parietal peritoneum

Front 158

Identify 15

Back 158

Urinary bladder

Front 159

Identify 16

Back 159

Rectum

Front 160

Identify 1

Back 160

Liver

Front 161

Identify 2

Back 161

Gallbladder

Front 162

Identify 3

Back 162

Lesser omentum

Front 163

Identify 4

Back 163

Stomach

Front 164

Identify 5

Back 164

Duodenum

Front 165

Identify 6

Back 165

Transverse colon

Front 166

Identify 7

Back 166

Small intestine

Front 167

Identify 8

Back 167

Cecum

Front 168

Identify 9

Back 168

Bladder

Front 169

Identify 1

Back 169

Greater omentum

Front 170

Identify 2

Back 170

Transverse colon

Front 171

Identify 3

Back 171

Transverse mesocolon

Front 172

Identify 4

Back 172

Descending colon

Front 173

Identify 5

Back 173

Jejunum

Front 174

Identify 6

Back 174

Mesentery

Front 175

Identify 7

Back 175

Sigmoid mesocolon

Front 176

Identify 8

Back 176

Sigmoid colon

Front 177

Identify 9

Back 177

Ileum

Front 178

How large is the absorptive surface area of the small intestine, roughly?

Back 178

Approximately 250 square meters - the size of a tennis court!

Front 179

Identify 1

Back 179

Muscle layers

Front 180

Identify 2

Back 180

Large circular folds

Front 181

Identify 3

Back 181

Villi

Front 182

Identify 4

Back 182

Vein carrying blood to hepatic portal vessel

Front 183

Identify 5

Back 183

Lumen

Front 184

Identify 6

Back 184

Absorptive cells

Front 185

Identify 7

Back 185

Lacteal

Front 186

Identify 8

Back 186

Goblet cell

Front 187

Identify 9

Back 187

Blood capillaries

Front 188

Identify 10

Back 188

Intestinal crypt

Front 189

Identify 11

Back 189

Muscularis mucosae

Front 190

Identify 12

Back 190

Duodenal glands

Front 191

Identify 13

Back 191

Microvilli

Front 192

Identify 14

Back 192

Submucosa

Front 193

What is this? Identify the numbered areas

Back 193

Duodenal mucosa. 1. Goblet cells. 2. Duodenal glands. 3. Intestinal crypts. 4. Villi. 5. Lacteal

Front 194

What are these?

Back 194

Brunner's (duodenal) glands

Front 195

What are these? What is the labeled bit?

Back 195

Intestinal crypts. Paneth cells

Front 196

Identify 1

Back 196

Right colic (hepatic) flexure

Front 197

Identify 2

Back 197

Transverse colon

Front 198

Identify 3

Back 198

Superior mesenteric artery

Front 199

Identify 4

Back 199

Haustrum

Front 200

Identify 5

Back 200

Ascending colon

Front 201

Identify 6

Back 201

Ileum

Front 202

Identify 7

Back 202

Ileocecal valve

Front 203

Identify 8

Back 203

Cecum

Front 204

Identify 9

Back 204

Vermiform appendix

Front 205

Identify 10

Back 205

Rectum

Front 206

Identify 11

Back 206

Anal canal

Front 207

Identify 12

Back 207

Left colic (splenic) flexure

Front 208

Identify 13

Back 208

Transverse mesocolon

Front 209

Identify 14

Back 209

Epiploic appendages

Front 210

Identify 15

Back 210

Descending colon

Front 211

Identify 16

Back 211

Cut edge of mesentery

Front 212

Identify 17

Back 212

Tenia coli

Front 213

Identify 18

Back 213

Sigmoid colon

Front 214

Identify 19

Back 214

External anal sphincter

Front 215

What is this? What are the numbered areas?

Back 215

The colon. 1. Intestinal crypts. 2. Goblet cells.

Front 216

What is an alternate name for "baby" teeth?

Back 216

Deciduous (milk) teeth

Front 217

Identify 1 - approximately when would this kind of tooth come in?

Back 217

Incisors (central) (6-8 mo)

Front 218

Identify 2 - approximately when would this kind of tooth come in?

Back 218

Incisors (lateral) (8-10 mo)

Front 219

Identify 3 - approximately when would this kind of tooth come in?

Back 219

Canine (eyetooth) (16-20 mo)

Front 220

Identify 4 - approximately when would this kind of tooth come in?

Back 220

First molar (10-15 mo)

Front 221

Identify 5 - approximately when would this kind of tooth come in?

Back 221

Second molar (2 yr)

Front 222

Identify 1 - approximately when would this tooth come in?

Back 222

Incisors (central) (7 yr) - ID: thin, flattish top.

Front 223

Identify 2 - approximately when would this tooth come in?

Back 223

Incisors (lateral) (8 yr) - ID: thin, flattish top.

Front 224

Identify 3 - approximately when would this tooth come in?

Back 224

Canine (eyetooth) (11 yr) - ID: Comes to single point

Front 225

Identify 4 - approximately when would this tooth come in?

Back 225

First premolar (bicuspid) (11 yr) - ID: Two points or bumps

Front 226

Identify 5 - approximately when would this tooth come in?

Back 226

Second premolar (bicuspid) (12-13 yr) - ID: Two points or bumps

Front 227

Identify 6 - approximately when would this tooth come in?

Back 227

First molar (6-7 yr) - ID: Multiple roots

Front 228

Identify 7 - approximately when would this tooth come in?

Back 228

Second molar (12-13 yr) - ID: Multiple roots

Front 229

Identify 8 - approximately when would this tooth come in?

Back 229

Third molar (wisdom tooth) (17-25 yr) - ID: Multiple roots

Front 230

Identify 1

Back 230

Crown

Front 231

Identify 2

Back 231

Neck

Front 232

Identify 3

Back 232

Root

Front 233

Identify 4

Back 233

Enamel

Front 234

Identify 5

Back 234

Dentin

Front 235

Identify 6

Back 235

Dentinal tubules

Front 236

Identify 7

Back 236

Pulp cavity (contains blood vessels and nerves)

Front 237

Identify 8

Back 237

Gingiva (gum)

Front 238

Identify 9

Back 238

Cementum

Front 239

Identify 10

Back 239

Root canal

Front 240

Identify 11

Back 240

Periodontal ligament

Front 241

Identify 12

Back 241

Apical foramen

Front 242

Identify 13

Back 242

Bone

Front 243

Identify 1

Back 243

Portal triad

Front 244

Identify 2

Back 244

Portal arteriole

Front 245

Identify 3

Back 245

Portal venule

Front 246

Identify 4

Back 246

Bile duct

Front 247

Identify 5

Back 247

Fenestrated lining (endothelial cells) of sinusoids

Front 248

Identify 6

Back 248

Central vein

Front 249

Identify 7

Back 249

Kupffer cells in sinusoids

Front 250

Identify 8

Back 250

Bile in bile canaliculus flows into bile duct

Front 251

Identify 9

Back 251

Portal triad

Front 252

Identify 10

Back 252

Interlobular veins (to hepatic vein)

Front 253

Identify 11

Back 253

Bile duct

Front 254

Identify 12

Back 254

Portal arteriole

Front 255

Identify 13

Back 255

Portal venule

Front 256

Identify 14

Back 256

Central vein

Front 257

Identify 15

Back 257

Sinusoids

Front 258

Identify 16

Back 258

Plates of hepatocytes

Front 259

Identify 17

Back 259

Portal vein

Front 260

What is this? What should you be able to identify?

Back 260

Liver. Be able to identify lobules and central veins, and to identify parts of portal triad

Front 261

Identify 1

Back 261

Duodenum

Front 262

Identify 2

Back 262

Bile duct from liver

Front 263

Identify 3

Back 263

Stomach

Front 264

Identify 4

Back 264

Hormones (insulin, glucagon)

Front 265

Identify 5

Back 265

Blood

Front 266

Identify 6

Back 266

Duct cells (secrete aqueous NaHCO3 solution)

Front 267

Identify 7

Back 267

Acinar cells (secrete digestive enzymes)

Front 268

Identify 8

Back 268

Endocrine portion of pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)

Front 269

Identify 9

Back 269

Notch

Front 270

Identify 10

Back 270

Pancreatic duct

Front 271

Identify 11

Back 271

Tail

Front 272

What is this? What should you be able to identify?

Back 272

Pancreas. Islets of Langerhans, Acini, Alpha and Beta cells

Front 273

Identify 1

Back 273

Tunica serosa

Front 274

Identify 2

Back 274

Tela subserosa

Front 275

Identify 3

Back 275

Tunica muscularis (outer longitudinal layer, middle circular layer, inner oblique layer)

Front 276

Identify 4

Back 276

Tela submucosa

Front 277

Identify 5

Back 277

Lamina muscularis mucosae

Front 278

Identify 6

Back 278

Tunica mucosa

Front 279

When a substance is added to Lugol's solution, what are you testing for? What is a positive indicator?

Back 279

You are testing for starch. The solution turns blue/black in the presence of starch.

Front 280

When a substance is added to Benedict's solution, what are you testing for? What is a positive indicator?

Back 280

You are testing for sugar. The solution (originally blue) will turn green, yellow, or red, depending on the amount of sugar present, or remain blue if none is present.

Front 281

When a substance is added to a BAPNA solution, what are you testing for? What is a positive indicator?

Back 281

You are testing for Tripsyn, which breaks down proteins. The solution will turn yellow if Tripsyn is present.

Front 282

When you test as substance using litmus blue, what are you testing for? What is a positive indicator?

Back 282

You are testing acidity. Litmus blue changes from blue to pink as the tested substance becomes more acidic.