Pbl Exam 1 Group 4

Front 1

Thyrotropin releasing hormone
(TRH)

Back 1

- peptide
-hypothalamus
-stimulates secretion of TSH and prolactin

Front 2

Cortioctropin-Releasing hormone (CRH)

Back 2

-peptide
-hypothalamus
-stimulates release of ACTH

Front 3

Growth-Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH)

Back 3

-peptide
-hypothalamus
-causes release of growth hormone

Front 4

Growth-Hormone Inhibitory Hormone (GHIH)

Back 4

-peptide
-hypothalamus
-inhibits release of growth hormone

Front 5

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Back 5

-peptide
-hypothalamus
-causes release of LH and FSH

Front 6

dopamine or Prolactine Inhibiting factor (PIF)

Back 6

-amine
-hypothalamus
-inhibits release of prolactin

Front 7

growth hormone

Back 7

-anterior pituitary
-peptide
-stimulates protein synthesis and growth of cells/tissues

Front 8

TSH

Back 8

-peptide
-anterior pituitary
-stimulates synthesis/secretion of thyroid hormones

Front 9

ACTH

Back 9

-peptide
-anterior pituitary
-stimulates synthesis/secretion of adrenocortical hormones (cortisol, androgens, aldosterone

Front 10

Prolactin

Back 10

-peptide
-anterior pituitary
-promotes dvlpmt of female breasts and secretion of milk

Front 11

FSH

Back 11

-peptide
-anterior pituitary
- causes growth of follicles in the ovaries and sperm maturation in Sertoli cells of testes

Front 12

LH

Back 12

-peptide
-anterior pituitary
-stimulates testosteron synthesis in Leydig cells of testes, stimulates ovulation, formation of corpus luteum, estrogen and progesterone synthesis in ovaries

Front 13

Antidiuretic hormone

Back 13

-peptide
-posterior pituitary
-increases water reabsorption by kidneys and causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure

Front 14

oxytocin

Back 14

-peptide
-posterior pituitary
-stimulates milk ejection and uterine contraction

Front 15

thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

Back 15

-amine
-thyroid
-increases rate of chemical reactions which increases basal metabolic rate

Front 16

calcitonin

Back 16

-peptide
-thyroid
-promotes deposition of calcium in bones and decreases extraceullar calcium ion concentration

Front 17

cortisol

Back 17

-steroid
-adrenal CORTEX
-controls metabolism of proteins, carbs, fats; anti-inflammatory effects

Front 18

aldsterone

Back 18

-steroid
-adrenal CORTEX
-increases renal sodium reabsorption, potassium secretion, hydrogen ion secretion

Front 19

norepinephrine, epinephrine

Back 19

-adrenal MEDULLA
-amine
-sympathetic stimulation effects

Front 20

insulin

Back 20

-peptide
-pancreas
-promotes glucose entry to control carb. metabolism

Front 21

glucagon

Back 21

-peptide
-pancreas alpha cells
-increases synthesis and release of glucose from liver into body fluids

Front 22

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Back 22

-peptide
-parathyroid gland
-controls serum calcium concentration by increasing calcium absorption by gut and kidneys/releasing calcium from bones

Front 23

testosterone

Back 23

-steroid
-testes
-promotes development of male repro system and secondary sex characteristics

Front 24

estrogens

Back 24

-steroid
-secreted by either ovary or placenta
-promotes growth/development of female repro system, female breasts, secondary sex characteristics

Front 25

progesterone

Back 25

-steroid
-secreted by ovary or placenta
-stimulates secretion of "uterine milk" by uterine endometrial glands/ promotes development of secretory apparatus of breasts

Front 26

human chorionic gonadotropin

Back 26

-peptide
-placenta
-promotes growth of corpus luteum and secretion of estrogen/progesterone by corpus luteum

Front 27

human somatomammotropin

Back 27

-peptide
-placenta
-helps promote development of fetal tissues and mother's breasts

Front 28

renin

Back 28

-peptide
-kidney
-catalyzes conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I (which is an active enzyme)

Front 29

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol

Back 29

-steroid
-kidney
-increases intestinal absorption of calcium/bone mineralization

Front 30

erythropoietin

Back 30

-peptide
-kidney
-increases erythrocyte production

Front 31

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Back 31

-peptide
-heart
-increases sodium excretion by kidneys to reduce blood pressure

Front 32

gastrin

Back 32

-peptide
-stomach
-stimulates HCl secretion by parietal cells

Front 33

secretin

Back 33

-peptide
-small intestine
-stimulates pancreatic acinar cells to release bicarbonate and water

Front 34

cholecystokinin (CCK)

Back 34

-peptide
-small intestine
-stimulates gallbladder contraction and release of pancreatic enzymes

Front 35

leptin

Back 35

-peptide
-adipocytes
-inhibits appetite, stimulates thermogenesis

Front 36

carbonic acid pKa and source

Back 36

3.8
CO2 from TCA cycle

Front 37

lactic acid pKa and source

Back 37

3.73
anaerobic glyoclysis

Front 38

pyruvic acid pKa and source

Back 38

2.39
glycolyis

Front 39

acetoacetic acid

Back 39

3.62
fatty acid oxiation to ketone bodies

Front 40

B-hydroybutyric acid

Back 40

4.41
fatty acid oxidation and ketone bodies

Front 41

acetic acid pKa and source

Back 41

4.76
ethanol metabolism

Front 42

dhydrogen phosphate

Back 42

6.8
dietary organic phosphates

Front 43

Hunter Disease
Enzyme deficience/accumulated products?

Back 43

Iduronate Sulfatase

heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate

Front 44

Hurler + Scheie
Enzyme deficience/accumulated products?

Back 44

alpha-L-iduronidase

heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate

Front 45

Maroteaux-Lamy
Enzyme deficience/accumulated products?

Back 45

N-acetylgalactosamine sulfatase

dermatan sulfate

Front 46

Mucolipidosis V11
Enzyme deficience/accumulated products?

Back 46

beta-glucornidase

heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate

Front 47

Sanfilippo A,B,D
Enzyme deficience/accumulated products?

Back 47

A: heparan sulfamidase B: N-acetylglucosamindase C: N-acetylglucosamine 6-sulfatase

Heparan sulfate accumulates in all 3

Front 48

Function of Hyaluronic Acid

Back 48

Cell migration for embryogenesis, morphogenesis, wound healing

Front 49

function of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans

Back 49

formation of bone, cartilage, cornea

Front 50

function of keratan sulfate proteoglycans and dermatan sulfate proteoglycans

Back 50

transparency of cornea

Front 51

function of heparin

Back 51

anticoagulant (binds antitrhombin III)
causes release of lipoprotein lipase from capillary walls

Front 52

function of heparin sulfate (syndecan)

Back 52

component of skin fibroblasts and aortic wall

Front 53

Vitamin C-source and deficiency consequences

Back 53

citrus fruits, potatoes, peppers, etc.

scurvy-defective collagen formation which leads to subcutaneous hemorrhage, aching bones/joints

Front 54

Thiamin
source and deficiency consequences

Back 54

enriched cereals and breads, grains, pork, legumes, seeds, nuts

Beri-Beri (wet): Edmea, anorexia, weight loss; apathy, decrease in short term memory, confusion, irritability, enlarged heart

Front 55

Riboflavin
source and deficiency consequences

Back 55

Dairy products; fortified cereals, meats, poultry, fish, legumes

Ariboflavinosis- sore throat, hyperemia, edema of oral mucosal membranes, cheilosis, angular stomatis, glossitis, magenta tongue, seborrheic dermatitis, normochromic normocyclic anemia

Front 56

Niacin
source and deficiency consequences

Back 56

meat, enriched cereals, grains

Pellagra: pigmented rash in areas exposed to sunlight; vomiting, constipation/diahhrea,

Front 57

Vitamin B6
source and deficiency consequences

Back 57

meats, eggs, cereals, unmilled rice, oats, noncitrus fruits etc.

seborrehic dermatitis; microcytic anemia; epileptiform convulsions, depression and confusion

Front 58

folate
source and deficiency consequences

Back 58

citrus fruits; dark green vegetables, cereals, legumes

impaired cell division/growth; megaloblastic anemia, NT defects

Front 59

vitamin B12
source and deficiency consequences

Back 59

animal products

megaloblastic anemia, neurologic symptoms

Front 60

Biotin
source and deficiency consequences

Back 60

liver, egg yolk

conjunctivitis, CNS abnormalities, glossitis, alopecia, dermatitis

Front 61

Pantothenic Acid
source and deficiency consequences

Back 61

esp. animal tissues, whole grains, legumes

irritability and restlessness, fatigue, apathy, malaise, GI symptoms, neuro symptoms

Front 62

Choline
source and deficiency consequences

Back 62

milk, liver, eggs, peanuts

liver damage

Front 63

vitamin A
source and deficiency consequences

Back 63

carrots, dark green veggies, sweet potatoes, squash, broccoli

night blindenss, xeropthalmia; keratinization of epithelium of GI tract, respirator and genitourinary tracts, dry and scaly skin

Front 64

vitamin K
source and deficiency consequences

Back 64

Green leafy veggies, cabbage, bacterial flora of intestin

defective blood coagulation; hemorrhagic anemia of newborn

Front 65

Vitamin D
source and deficiency consequences

Back 65

fortified milk; sunlight

Rickets/osteomalacia

Front 66

vitamin E
source and deficiency consequences

Back 66

vegetable oils, margarine, wheat germ, nuts, green veggies

muscular dystrophy, neuro abnormalities

Front 67

Sickle Cell Disease:
ethnic group commonly effected, carrier frequency, disease incidence in newborns?

Back 67

Blacks
CF: 1/12
Dz incidence: 1/600

Front 68

Tay-Sachs Disease
ethnic group commonly effected, carrier frequency, disease incidence in newborns?

Back 68

Ashkenazi Jews
CF: 1/30
Dz incidence: 1/3600

Front 69

B-Thallasemia
ethnic group commonly effected, carrier frequency, disease incidence in newborns?

Back 69

Greeks, Italians
CF: 1/30
Dz incidence: 1/3600

Front 70

alpha-Thalassemia
ethnic group commonly effected, carrier frequency, disease incidence in newborns?

Back 70

Southeast Asians, Chinese
CF: 1/25
Dz incidence: 1/2500

Front 71

Cystic Fibrosis
ethnic group commonly effected, carrier frequency, disease incidence in newborns?

Back 71

Northern Europeans
CF: 1/25
Dz incidence: 1/2500

Front 72

phenylketonuria
ethnic group commonly effected, carrier frequency, disease incidence in newborns?

Back 72

Northern Europeans
CF: 1/50
Dz incidence: 1/10,000

Front 73

Phenylketonuria
-Inheritence?
-Treatment?

Back 73

Autosomal Recessive
Dietary restriction of phenylalanine

Front 74

Galactosemia
-Inheritence?
-Treatment?

Back 74

autosomal recessive
dietary restriction of galactose

Front 75

Congenital Hypothyroidism
-Inheritence?
-Treatment?

Back 75

usually sporadic inheritance
-hormone replacement

Front 76

Sickle Cell Disease
-Inheritence?
-Treatment?

Back 76

Autosomal Recessive
Phophylactic penicillin

Front 77

Cystic Fibrosis
-Inheritence?
-Treatment?

Back 77

Autosomal Recessive
-Antibiotics, chest physical therapy, pancreatic enzyme replacement