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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In this article, the report states that kavain, the major ingredient of kava, caused __
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physical changes to the liver cells
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which condition is NOT treated with Prozac
A) depression B) Obsessive compulsive disorder C) eating disorders D) agoraphobia E) restless leg syndrome F) premenstrual dysphoric disorder |
E) restless leg syndrome
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Prozac belongs to the class of drugs called ___________ _________ re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
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Selective Seratonin re-uptake inhibitors
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Prozac is approved for treating major depression in children __ years and older and for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder in children __ years and older.
A) 8 & 7 B) 9 & 11 C) 7 & 5 D) 6 & 9 |
A) 8 & 7
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For treatment of mild depression, rather than drug therapy, 22% of doctors in England are now prescribing what?
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excercise!
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Are they suggesting that doctors should "prescribe" this, and insurance providers should pay for a trainer?
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Exercise programmes organised by the Mental Health Foundation are supported by funds from the Department of Health, but are only available in some parts of the country
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Depression is the third most common cause of illness among women and the tenth most common cause among men; in 2001, Australian GPs reported depression as the ___ th most common illness that they dealt with
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4th
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According to the World Health Organization (WHO) by 2020, depression will be the _________ biggest health problem world-wide, behind heart disease. Yikes!! I thought we were living in the best of times, with nearly everything we could want in convenience and comfort!
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2nd
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Before the CIA decided that LSD might be a useful tool in interrogations, who did they test it on?
A) each other B) minorities C) prison inmates D) College students |
A) each other
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Who felt that psychoactive chemicals such as LSD would be the weapons of the future? Even argued that, say, spiking a city's water supply with acid and taking over would be much more humane than firebombing it?
A) William Creasy B) Albert Hoffman C) Dr. Van Sim D) Edgar Hoover |
A) William Creasy
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The first description of a purified chemical that related to pheromone biology was bomykul, which drove male _______ moth's crazy.
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Male silk moths
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Preti found that male armpit sweat dabbed on the upper _____ of women stimulates production of ovulation-triggering luteinizing hormone.
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Upper lips
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Sixty-two percent of the scientists who had taken drugs used _________ while 44 percent reported using Provigil and only 14 percent had tried beta blockers like propranolol
A) Viagra B) Cocaine C) Ritalin D) Methamphetamines |
C) Ritalin
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In the better than coffee article, how is the drug delivered to the patients?
A) injection B) smoking C) topical patch D) nasal spray |
D) Nasal spray
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The treatment is "a totally new route for increasing arousal, and the new study shows it to be relatively benign," said Jerome Siegel, "It reduces sleepiness without causing ____________."
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Without causes edginess
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The drug Orexin A is used for what?
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An aid to prevent the effects of sleepiness. It can possibly become a "sleep replacement" drug.
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Does Orexin A have any notable effect on people who are already alert?
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No
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The drug Modafinil (Provogil, or Alertec in Canada) activates neurons that respond to ________
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Orexin A
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In the performance enhancing brain drugs article, the author suggests that it is only cheating, and therefore should be regulated, in what situation?
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Formal testing of abilities
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"Personal achievements impersonally achieved are not truly the achievements of persons," said the report Beyond Therapy by the US President's Council on ____________, chaired at the time by ethicist Leon Kass.
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Bioethics
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Studies on healthy volunteers have shown the cognitive effects of enhancing drugs to be ______, but sufficient enough to be considered helpful.
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mild
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information travels through a nerve cell in ____ and only ___ direction
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ONE
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an impulse wave moves at _____
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250 mph
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What would happen if a chemical were added to your brain that randomy opens channels?
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random muscle contractions, twitching, uneasyness
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what is the common name for Chrysanthemum
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Pyrethrum
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Chrysanthemum....
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when grinded up can be used as an insectiside
randomly opens portals good for flea collars not toxic to humans |
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what is the chemical in chrysanthemum called
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pyrethrin
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Pyrethrins...
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are organic
can be broken down by UV light |
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Pyrethroids
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synthetic pyrethrins
is in raid |
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anything synthetic is ____ organic
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NOT
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How does DDT act as an insectiside?
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artificially opens channels by opening a few and starting a wave
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latin name for Pufferfish
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tetrodotoxin
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Pufferfish....
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pries open portals of humans
waves of impulse spread chaotically toxic to humans causes spastic paralysis |
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what is the worlds fastest enzyme
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acetycholinesterase
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if a drug like AC is ingested in low doses
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mild stimulant (excitory)
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if a drug like AC is ingested in medium doses
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high stimulant (hallucinatory)
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if a drug like AC is ingested in high doses
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poisonous (spastic paralysis)
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Nicotine...
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MIMICS AC
binds to receptors in high doses can kill by spastic paralysis once used as an insectiside |
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Toadstool
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Amanita muscaria
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Toadstool...
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MIMICS AC
contains muscarine |
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acetycholine receptors come in 2 flavors..._____ & _____
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nicotonic & muscarinic
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If we inhibit acetycholinesterase....
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AC stays in gap and binds to the receptor again, acts like a stimulant because it recycles the AC.
can cause spastic paralysis |
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plants that can inhibit ACase
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ordeal bean with physostigmine
warfare nerve toxins developed after WWII (sarin, tabun) |
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Diazinon
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INHIBITS ACase
insectiside most common in water samples |
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Malathion
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INHIBITS ACase
public mosquito spraying programs |
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Sevin
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INHIBITS ACase
garden insectiside |
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Antidote for accidental ACase inhibitor (pesticide) poisoning
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atropine:
covers acetycholine receptor therefore, inhibits function of acetycholinesterase thus, sedates the system administered for any unexplained convulsions |
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Tubocurarine
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acts like atropine by covering AC receptor
cobra venom acts the same way |
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Botulism toxin...
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from bacteria
Clostridium botulini can grow in canned foods causes botulism (food poisoning) prevents the release of AC from axon |
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Clostridium botulini causes...
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slowed heart beat, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis
*one of the most toxic substance known on Federal Antiterrorism List |
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Nicotana Tobacum
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Tobacco
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Tobacco...
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MIMICS AC
used by native americans as a hallucinogen used in ceremonies (rite of passage) labor intensive |
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Fly agaric
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amanita muscaria
contains muscarine |
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amanita muscaria.....
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MIMICS AC
contains muscarine insectiside: sliced into milk...flys drink milk...die from spastic paralysis vikings tripped on mushrooms |
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Mandrake
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Mandragora officinarum
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mandrake....
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contains scopolamine
man dragon "doctrine of signatures" says mandrake has human shaped roots fertility "the fruit that excites love" aphrodisiac mentioned in bible anethestic for surgery & child birth scream when pulled from the ground shakespeare and others wrote about the powers of mandrake |
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_________ is a neutotransmitter
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acetycholine is a ______
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the 3 big players of neurotransmitters:
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seratonin, AC, epinephrine (adrenaline)
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snakeroot
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Rauwolfia serpentina
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snakeroot (rauwolfia serpentin) contains...
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Contains Reserpine
sedative from root used to treat snake bite mongoose/cobra legend |
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reserpine
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reduces the realease of epinephrine & dopamine
Treated mental illness first widely used sedative in western medical for mental illness replaces bondage, labotomy, electroshock, etc. plant nearly harvested to extinction decreases blood pressure went from mental illness to heart medication, with sedative side effects |
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Seratonin makes us _____
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feel good!
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seratonin re-uptake inhibitors include
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mescaline, prozak, zoloft, ecstasy
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Peyote cactus
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lophopora williamsii
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Peyote cactus......
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contains mescaline
alters recycling of seratonin hallucinogen used by indians of rio grande spread in 1880s and 1890s prohibited in early 1900s native american church argue that it should be allowed for religious rituals |
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Magic Mushrooms
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psilocybe mexicana
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Magic mushrooms...
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contain psilocybin
hallucinogenic alters recycling of seratonin used by native peoples of N. South America, Mexico in rituals europeans tried to prohibit because "taking the flesh of the gods" was a "blasphemy" |
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Timothy Leary
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psychotherapist studies magic mushrooms with students
uses pure psilocybin from Sandoz Lab finds out LSD is cheaper |
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Chemicals found in ergots:
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ergonovine, methergine, ergotamine
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ergonovine
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to induce labor
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methergine
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to constrict bloodvessels (pain, dry gangrene, withered flesh)
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ergotamine
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used to treat migraines
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how was LSD synthesized
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Dr. Albert Hoffman studies the alkaloids of ergots
one is lysergic acid he adds a diethylamine group creates LSD (lysergic acid diethylamine) |
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LSD...
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popular in treatment of psychosis
most powerful hallucinogen known not addicting "drop out, turn on, tune in" opened the door to the field of neurochemistry |
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CIA and military use for LSD
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truth serum
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What are ergots?
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mass of fungal cells and plant cells
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Endorphins
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inhibitors in the pain and anxiety pathway
more endorphins=more brakes=calms anxiety=elavates mood=soothes stress increases pain tolerance increased by excercise depress function of the anxiety pathway |
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opiates
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opium, morphine, heroin
bind to endorphin receptors pain killer effect |
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Substance P
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a neurotransmitter in pain perception pathway
binds to receptors in dendrites important in transmitting perception of chronic pain |
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Capsaicin
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Capsicum annum
mimics substance p causes sensation of pain that we interpret as heat no tissue damage in hot peppers in heat wraps topical treatment for arthritis after its on for a while nerves produce substance p |
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Menthol
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mentha arvensis
opens portals that usually open when temperature drops |
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Ayahuasca
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main ingrediant banisteriopsis caapi
"vine of the soul" like curare |
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Robigo
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Roman God of Wheat and Rust
offerings made every year to prevent disease in wheat crops |
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Stinking Smut
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diseased wheat
led to ginger bread cookies smells like dead fish |
