Pbd Quiz 6--1St Stack

Front 1

T/F? During inhalation, air velocity in Generation 16 of the tracheobronchial tree would be higher than that of Generation 6 due to smaller diameter of Generation 16.

Back 1

False

Front 2

T/F? Atropine, an anticholinergic agent, would be a possible treatment for brochoconstriction.

Back 2

True

Front 3

If pulmonary arterial pressure increases while left atrial pressure and pulmonary blood flow remain constant, then pulmonary vascular resistance __________ (increases, decreases, remains constant).

Back 3

increases

Front 4

The sinus cavities located just below the eyes and lateral to the nasal cavities are the ________ sinuses.

Back 4

maxillary

Front 5

Ventilation-perfusion matching that results from a decrease in blood flow (derecruitment) to areas of the lung with low oxygen content due to contraction of vascular smooth muscle is referred to as ___________ (two acceptable names).

Back 5

hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction

Front 6

The disease condition producing an abnormal dilatation of the bronchi and larger bronchioles, associated with a chronic necrotizing infection is:
a. pneumoconioses
b. broncopneumonia
c. brochiectasis
d. atelectasis
e. none of the above

Back 6

c. brochiectasis

Front 7

What is the study of arthritis and allied conditions called?

Back 7

Rheumatology

Front 8

Rheumatology includes allied conditions like connective tissue disease and other inflammatory, degenerative and metabolic disorders of the _________ _______.

Back 8

musculoskeletal system

Front 9

Is arthritis a disease?

Back 9

No, it's "inflammation" of a joint--it's a "catch all" term.

Front 10

a) How many people in 2006 were diagnosed with an arthritic condition?

b) How many ppl have arthritic symptoms?

c) Is arthritis one of the most prevalent diseases in the US?

d) What are some risk factors?

e) How much does this disease cost the economy?

Back 10

a) 46 million

b) >70mill

c) yes!

d) age, overweight, obesity

e) $128 billion (kills few)

Front 11

What are the 3 types of joints?

Back 11

1) Synarthrodial (fibrous)
2) Amphiarthrosis (cartilaginous)
3) Diarthrodial (synovial)

Front 12

What type of joint has little or no movement (like the skull)?

Back 12

synarthrodial (fibrous)

Front 13

What type of joint has bones joined by cartilage (like an intervertebral disk)?

Back 13

Amphiarthrodial (osis?) (cartilaginous)

Front 14

What type of joint is most frequently affected by rheumatoid diseases--is a freely moving joint?

Back 14

Diarthrodial (synovial)

Front 15

Joint capsule of a synovial joint is lined by synovial tissue, also called ________.

Back 15

synovium

Front 16

T/F? There's good blood supply to the synovium?

Back 16

true

Front 17

The nerve supply in the synovium is ___(a)____ nerves to vessels, with no __(b)___ _____.

Back 17

a) autonomic
b) pain fibers

Front 18

The synovium is made up of what 2 layers?

Back 18

subitimal & intimal

Front 19

What's the synovium layer that is vascular, composed of fibrous material, mast cells, macrophages, etc?

Back 19

subtimal

Front 20

What's the synovium later that containes A cells and B cells?

Back 20

intimal

Front 21

In the intimal layer of the synovium:
What do A cells do? (a)
What do B cells do? (b)

Back 21

a) remove bacteria
b) secrete hyaluronic acid

Front 22

The synovium produces synovial fluid. What's in this fluid?

Back 22

superfiltrated plasma from blood vessels of synovial membrane

Front 23

a) What's the color of normal synovial fluid?
b) What the viscosity of normal synovial fluid?
c) what's the reason it's so viscous?

Back 23

a) clear, straw-color
b) 50-200x more viscous than water
c) hyaluronic acid, which has the consistancy of egg white

Front 24

T/F? Synovial fluid lubricates joints, reducing friction, but is not the source of nutrients for the articulating cartilage.

Back 24

False (it is the source!)

Front 25

WBC count in a synovial fluid is usually <________.

Back 25

<200 cells/mm3

Front 26

a) What's a way to test the health of synovial fluid?

b) what's added to the fluid and what happens in a healthy synovial fluid sample?

Back 26

a) mucin clot test

b) acetic acid. a preciptate should form because of the hyaluronic acid (the greater the ppt, the better the health)

Front 27

If someone has an inflammation response, the actions of the inflammation is going to _______ hyaluronic acid and cause a ______ clot in the Mucin Clot Test--the fluid color will be _______.

Back 27

reduce
poorer
cloudier

Front 28

What's the layer of hyaline cartilage called that covers and protects bone?

Back 28

articulating cartilage

Front 29

Articulating cartilage is not __a__, meaning it's constantly undergoing turnover.
This turnover is maintained by the ____b_____.

Back 29

a) static
b) chondrocytes

Front 30

Articulating cartilage ________ friction in joints and __________ forces.

Back 30

reduces
distributes

Front 31

Cartilage is composed of what?

Back 31

chondrocytes
collagen
protein
proteoglycans
polysaccharides
and water

Front 32

T/F? Cartilage (articluating) is very resilient.

Back 32

true

Front 33

T/F? Joint inflammation occurs in some people due to the decrease in synovial fluid.

Back 33

false (increase!/overproduction)

Front 34

The __________ phase of inflammation takes place in ________. Give an example.

Back 34

vascular
synovium
Rheumatoid Arthritis

Front 35

In adults, cartilage may wear down because of no ________ _______.

Back 35

bllod supply

Front 36

Precipitation of urate crystals causes ________.

Back 36

gout

Front 37

What is the condition called that damages connective tissues of lungs, kidneys, and blood vessels?

Back 37

Systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Front 38

What does the pathogenesis of joint inflammation involve?

Back 38

involves the immune system components, plasma factors, and other small molecular mediators.

Front 39

__a___ ___a___ predominates followed by ___b____ in the pathogenesis of joint inflammation.

Back 39

a) exudative inflammation
b) degeneration

Front 40

What happens when this exudative inflammation and degeneration occurs?

Back 40

can get extensive formation of granulation tissue that may become fibrous and limit movement

Front 41

Who recognizes joint diseases and how many groups do they recognize?

Back 41

The American Rheumatoid Association
13 groups of joint diseases

Front 42

T/F? Non-inflammatory joint disease is similar to inflammatory joint disease.

Back 42

false (they're different)

Front 43

In non-inflammatory joint disease, there is reduced/absent ______ _______ ________.

Back 43

synovial membrane inflammation

Front 44

T/F? In non-inflam. joint dis., there are many systemic signs and symptoms.

Back 44

false (there's a LACK of these)

Front 45

T/F? There is abnoraml synovial fluid in non-inflam. joint disease.

Back 45

false (there's "near normal" synovial fluid)

Front 46

What's the most prevalent non-inflam. joint dis?
How many people does this effect?

Back 46

Degenerative Joint Disease-- OSTEOARTHRITIS
#1 form of arthritis--effects over 27 million

Front 47

The main pathological features of DJD include the ___a_____ and the loss of ____b____ ____b____ in ___c____ ___c____.

Back 47

a) degeneration
b) articulating cartilage
c) synovial joints

Front 48

After age __a__, women are more severely affected with DJD than men, and prevalence increase with __b__ and __b___.

Back 48

a) 50
b) age and weight

Front 49

____a_____ tends to occur after the age of __b__.

_c_% of people over __d__ will develop __e__ osteoarthritis.

Back 49

a) DJD (degenerative joint disease)
b) 40
c) 45%
d) 85
e) knee

Front 50

a) What's the most common type of denerative joint disease?

b) Is it associated with known risk factors?

c) What's the most important associated factor? what's this also called?

Back 50

a) primary (IDIOPATHIC)

b) NOT associated w/ known risk factors

c) aging is the most import. factor. called "boomeritis"

Front 51

a) What's the division of DJD that's associated with risk factors called?

b) what are these risk factors?

c) what kind of joints does this involve?

Back 51

a) secondary

b) joint stress, trauma

c) involves only joints subjected to particular risk factor

Front 52

In the pathophysiology of DJD, there's primary __a__ of articulating cartilage that becomes ___b____ in color.

There's change in both ___c____ ____c____ and ____d____ of the cartilage.

Back 52

a) loss
b) yellowish-grey
c) mechanical properties
d) composition

Front 53

T/F? In DJD, the composition of cartilage gets less water and more proteoglycans.

Back 53

false (it gets MORE water and LESS proteoglycans)

Front 54

In the early stages of DJD, cartilage loses its __a____ appearance.

In the progress of this dis, __b__ __b__ start to flake off--_____c_____ in synthesis and ____d____ in breakdown of _____e_____.

Back 54

a) glistening
b) surface areas
c) decrease
d) increase
e) collagen

Front 55

Eventually DJD leaves bone unprotected and it ceomes ______ (what does this mean?)

Back 55

sclerotic (dense and hard)

Front 56

In DJD, ____ may develop in bone as synovial fluid ____ into bones.

Back 56

cysts
leaks

Front 57

___a____can grow out of margins of the joint (bone) in DJD. Pieces break off and __b___ the ___c___.

Back 57

a) osteophyte (bone spurs)
b) irritate
c) synovium

Front 58

In DJD, articulating cartilage is probably lost through ___a____ ____a____-- such as ___b____ like __c__ or __c__ that produce/release ___d___ that are destructive.

Back 58

a) enzymatic breakdown
b) cytokines
c) IL-1 or TNF
d) proteases (enzymes)

Front 59

In DJD, ____a____ are less able to produce __b___ and new ___c____.

Back 59

a) chrondrocytes
b) proteoglycans
c) collagen

Front 60

What is a hallmark of the osteoarthritic procesS?

Back 60

loss of proteoglycans

Front 61

In the summary of ___a____ ____a______ (BOTH primary and secondart) include:
___b____ of articulating cartilage,
___c____ of bone underneath cartilage,
and formation of _____d____.

Back 61

a) pathologic characteristics.
b) erosion
c) sclerosis (thickening)
d) osteophytes (bone spurs)

Front 62

Osteoarthitis (DJD) appears during the _____ decade(s) of life.

Back 62

5 + 6

Front 63

T/F? Clinical manifestations of DJD include pain in one or more joints--predominant symptom aggravated by use of joint and relieved by resting the joint.

Back 63

true

Front 64

Stiffness, enlargement, and limited range of motion are some clinical manifestations of DJD. Stiffness lasts about __ min and _______ with use.

Back 64

15-30min
lessens

Front 65

Diagnosis of osteoarthitis (DJD) based on __a___ findings and ___b____ findings.
Diagnosis based more on ____c____.
You'll see __d___ bone changes, __d___, and ____d____.

Back 65

a) clinical
b) radiological
c) exclusion
d) cystic bone changes, osteophytes, and sclerosis

Front 66

Typically, synovial fluid shows ___ sign of joint inflammation (no _____ symptoms)

Back 66

no
systemic

Front 67

T/F? DJD doesn't have synovitis but shows much inflammation at the joint.

Back 67

false. it's shows synovitis but not much inflammation at the joint.

Front 68

In looking at the DJD pathophysiology, there's a ___ feedback system.

Back 68

positive

Front 69

In the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (DJD), the following is the proper order:
a) release of cytokines, production/release of proteolytic enzymes/collaginase, response of chondrocyte, damage to cartilage.
b) response of chondrocyte, release of cytokines, production/release of proteolytic enzymes/collaginase, damage to cartilage
c) production/release of proteolytic enzymes/collaginase, response of chondrocyte, release of cytokines, and damage to cartilage.

Back 69

b) response of chondrocyte, release of cytokines, production/release of proteolytic enzymes/collaginase, damage to cartilage.