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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 5 cardinal signs/hallmarks of acute inflammatory responses?
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redness (rubor)
swelling (tumor) heat (calor) pain (dolar) loss of function (lunction laesa) |
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Which cardinal sign of acute inflammation is the 1st thing noticed? what else is this called?
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redness (rubor)
"hyperemia" |
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What cardinal sign of acute inflam. is the most "striking" aspect?
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swelling (tumor)
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What cardinal sign of acute inflam. parallels redness?
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heat (calor)
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Is fever a cardinal sign of acute inflam?
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no! fever is systemic and we're talking about local here with acute...
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What cardinal sign of acute inflam. is produced via a variety of mechanisms?
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pain (dolar)
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what cardinal sign of acute inflam is usually an aftermath? what kinds of aftermath may occur?
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loss of funtion (function laesa)
pain, swelling, scarring |
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In the flow chart involving vascular response to inflammation, what pathway does arachanoic acid released from injured cell membranes take?
then what happens? |
cyclooxygenase pathway
| V prostaglandins |
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What causes vasodilation and increased capillary permeability in the flow chart of vascular response to inflam?
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(from the left) prostaglandins
(from top right) histamine released from injured cells |
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What cardinal signs does vasodilation trigger?
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calor and rubor
(hear and redness) |
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Vasodilation and increased capillary permeability triggers what to occur?
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Exudate
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Exudate triggers what cardinal signs to occur?
what else does it cause to happen in the vascular response of inflammation? |
tumor (swelling) and dolor (pain)
-toxin dilution -decreased blood flow out to injured area (localizing infections) |
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Acute inflammation is an ___a____ response to injury, has a short duration, and is __b___.
It is usually _c__/___ (temp) and VASCULAR. |
a) immediate
b) self-limiting c) warm/hot |
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Chronic inflamation is characterized by ____a_____ duration and _____b______ events and is NOT ___c____.
It is usually a ___ (temp) and NOT vascular. |
a) prolonged
b) proliferative (months/years!) c) NOT self-limiting d) cold |
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T/F?
Chronic inflammation involved further release of mediators not originally produced in the acute response? |
true
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T/F?
Chronic inflammation can be a recurrent or progressive acute inflammatory process or a low-grade smoldering response that fails to evoke an acute response. |
true
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In acute inflammation, vascular alterations that occur include:
___a_____ of small arterioles, ___b_____ in blood flow, followed by ____c____ and ___D___ in permeability. |
a) dilation
b) increase c) slowing (stasis) d) increase |
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Chemical mediators in acute inflammation include __a__-derived and __b__-derived.
One of the (a)-derived includes ___c_____. |
a) cell-derived (preformed or synthesized)
b) plasma-derived c) mast cell |
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What are the cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tissue called?
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mast cells
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What are some of the several stimuli that trigger mast cells?
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UV light, chemical/physical injury, complement, immune system
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What 2 ways does mast cells activate inflammatory response?
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1) degranulation of stored material
2) synthesis of mediators in response to stimuli |
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What are the 3 preformed materials mast cells make?
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1) histamine
2) neutrophil chemotactic factor 3) Eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) |
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Histamine causes __a____ of post-capillary venules, which is __b___ mediated.
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a) dilation
b) endothelial |
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Histamine causes increased ____a______ in post capillary venules, which results in ____b______.
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a) permeability
b) exudation |
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Histamine contracts _______ _____ and has 3 receptors H1, H2, and H3.
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endothelial cells
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What histamine receptor contracts smooth muscle?
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H1
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Which histamine receptor causes gastric secretion?
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H2
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Which histamine receptor is associated with neural tissue, and which "sites" does it predominately work at?
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H3
pre-snyaptic sites |
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There are many possible stimuli for histamine, all increaseing the influx of ____ into the ____ cell.
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Ca++
mast cell |
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Histamine is inhibited with an increase in ______ in the cell. What can causes an increase of this?
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cAMP
epinephrine |
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What preformed material of mast cells is most important role is to control other mediators, and limit inflammation?
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ECF--eosinophil chemotactic factor
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What degrades leukotrienes?
What breaks down histamine? what are the enzymes of? |
aryl sulfatase B
histaminase ECF |
