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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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compare the processes of diffusion and osmosis |
Diffusion- the movement of particles from an area of high concentration of particles to an area of low concentration of particles. Osmosis- the movement of water, across a semipermeable membrane, from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration |
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explain how the surface area tovolume ratio affects the rate ofmovement of substances into andout of cells |
- Cells obtain their nutrients through their cell membranes - The surface area of the membrane has to fulfill the requirements of the whole volume of the cell. - If the cell becomes larger, the surface area to volume ratio becomes smaller, and the surface area of the cell membrane is not enough to fulfill the needs of the whole cell - If the surface area to volume ratio is large, movement of substances is efficient – If surface area to volume ration is small, movement of substances is slow and inefficient and is not enough for the cell |
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identify some examples thatdemonstrate the structural andfunctional relationships betweencells, tissues, organs and organsystems in multicellular organisms |
- CELLS are the smallest unit of life. : E.g. muscle cell - its job is to contract or relax - TISSUES perform functions as a group of cells: E.g. muscle tissue - made up of muscle cells, job is to contract or relax - ORGANS are made up of groups of tissues that function as a whole: E.g. the stomach - made of muscle tissues, are moved to churn food - ORGAN SYSTEMS are groups of organs that function together as a coordinated system to perform a role for the body E.g. digestive system - made up of organs such as the stomach |
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distinguish between autotrophs and heterotrophs in terms of nutrient requirements Autotrophs |
- Organisms that can produce their own organic molecules from non-living substances - Method of nutrition is called autotrophic - They can be photosynthetic or chemosynthetic - Photosynthetic is using chlorophyll and sunlight energy to create glucose - Chemosynthetic is deriving energy from chemical reactions and synthesising the energy (organic compounds) from CO2. |
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distinguish between autotrophs andheterotrophs in terms of nutrientrequirements Heterotrophs |
- Cannot produce their own organic molecules from non-living substances -Rely on other organisms for nutrients. - Method of nutrition is called heterotrophic - These organisms must subsequently produce their own unique molecules from their food |
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identify the materials required forphotosynthesis and its role inecosystems |
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight are needed for photosynthesis - Its role is to provide the continuous input of energy necessary to sustain the ecosystem - It captures the only input of energy from the sun and converts it to chemical energy to be used for metabolic reactions - It enables green plants to obtain this energy directly and animals, indirectly from the food they eat |
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identify the general word equationfor photosynthesis and outline thisas a summary of a chain ofbiochemical reactions |
(sunlight) Carbon Dioxide + Water = Glucose + Oxygen Light Reactions - Energy is captured by chlorophyll and used to split water molecules, releasing oxygen and providing hydrogen atoms. Chemical energy is stored in ATP and NADPH. This stage occurs in the grana of chloroplasts only when the light is present. Dark Reactions - Hydrogen atoms and the energy in ATP and NADPH combine with carbon dioxide to make glucose and water. This occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts and can happen in light and darkness. |
