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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define cancer
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disease of growth, division and cell differentiation
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What is the highest indicence of cancer in men and women
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prostate
breast |
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What is the highest cause of death from cancer?
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lung
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Define proliferate
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cell division leading to new cell formation
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Define differentiation
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specialization of cells
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What cells do not divide?
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neuron
cardiac muscle |
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The more differentiated or specialized a cell is...
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the least likely they will divide
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What are the two properties of cancer cells
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autonony - independent from normal cell controls
anaplasia - loss of differentiation, w/o form |
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What is transformation?
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the chance of a normal cell to a cancer cell
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Genes previously turned off during differentiation can be
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reactivated by carcinogenic agents
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Cancer cells are like...
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embryonic cells and are less differentiated
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A benign tumor is referred to as a
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tissue or origin
name ends with -oma |
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Malignant tumors are graded on
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the degree of malignancy
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Malignant cells are classified by
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tissuye of embryonic origin or cell type
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epithelial cells develop into
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carcinoma
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connective cells develop into
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sarcoma
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lymph cells develop into
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lymphoma
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glial cells of CNS develop into
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gliona
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glandular cells develop into
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adenocardinoma
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blood form of bone marrow develops into
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leukemia
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Cancer cells are also classed by..
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cell type
anatomical site function degree of differentiation |
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Define in-situ
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pre-invasive cancer
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Describe the growth of benign tumors
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slower growth than malignant
may reach standstill or regress well defined fibrous capsule do not metastasize |
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Describe the composition of benign cells
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well differentiated cells that resemble the original
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Benign tumors may interfere with
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normal function
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Describe the growth of malignant tumors
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rapid,
spread widely can kill regardless of lcoation compress blood vessels cause ischemia tissue necrosis robs normal cells of nutrients |
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Describe the growth of malignant tumors
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liberate enzymes that destroy normal tissue
metastasize no physical continuity between primary and secondary but same tissue |
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Describe composition of malignant tumors
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solid tumors from tissue of origin and can metastasize
hematologic cancers involve blood and are circulated |
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Give characteristics of malignant tumors
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local increase in cell number
-loss of normal arrangement -variation of cell shape and size -increased nucleus size -increased mitotic activity -abnormal mitosis and chromosomes -live longer and not die on time -divide in uncoordinated fashion invading and estorying neighboring tissue |
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Describe cell surface changes in malignancy tumors
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glycolipids and glycoproteins on surface are
loss or modified causing change in response to growth factors |
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Describe altered permeability in malignant tumors
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substances are transported at higher rates.
Glucose is increaswed due to a greater metabolic need for energy |
