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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three ways your body delivers oxygen to all cells
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Ventilation, Perfusion, and Diffusion
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The interior diameter of each capillary is just large enough to...
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allow red blood cells to squeeze by in single file so their cell membranes touch the capillary walls
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True or false: CO2 and O2 need to pass through plasma when diffusing in and out of the alveoli.
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False
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How many alveoli does each RBC exchange gas with while in the pulmonary - capillary bed?
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2-3
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Surfactant does what?
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Surfactant lowers surface tension of alveolar walls, increases lung compliance (elasticity), and eases the work of breathing.
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What stimulates surfactant replacement?
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Normal ventilation
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What causes atelactasis?
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Hypoventilation
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What are the steps required to transfer O2 from environmental air to the cells?
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Ventilation of lungs, Transport of O2 from alveoli into plasma & RBCS, Reversible chemical combination of O2 and CO2 with Hgb RBCs, Hgb, and 02, Circulation of blood from pulmonary capillaries to systemic capillaries, Diffusion of O2 from capillary blood into interstitial fluid, Diffusion into cells, Diffusion of O2 into mitochondria where (in combination with glucose) it helps to synthesize ATP, ATP enzyme found in all cells, H2O + CO2 results
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If any of the steps required to transfer O2 from environmental air to the cells is interrupted, tissue will become...
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Hypoxic
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What keeps alveoli from collapsing in on themselves?
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Surfactant
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What is the best way to test for hypoxia?
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Test for arterial blood gases
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What is the normal percent of SAO2?
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95 - 100%
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What are normal p02 levels?
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80-100 mmHq
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What is a non-invasive measurement of SAO2?
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Pulse Oximetry
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Describe Pulse Oximetry
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Infra-red waves measure amount of Hgb saturated with oxygen
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What could make pulse oximetry inaccurate?
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Vasoconstriction, Hgb less than 9.0, carbon monoxide poisoning.
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Causes of hypoventilation:
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Drug overdose, general anesthesia, chest or abdominal pain (i.e. surgery or trauma)
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Clinical Manifestations of hypoventilation:
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Decreased SAO2, decreased, PO2, increased pCO2, and decreased pH (respiratory acidosis)
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