Pathophysiology- Pulmonary System Ch.26

Front 1

the subjective sensation of uncomfortable breathing, the feeling of being unable to get enough air

Back 1

dyspnea

Front 2

selective bulbous enlargement of the end of a finger or toe

Back 2

clubbing

Front 3

abnormal breathing patterns are adjustments made by the body to min. the work of respiratory muscles they include:

Back 3

Kussmaul, obstructed, restricted, grasping, and cheyne-stokes respiration and sighing

P.752

Front 4

decr. alveolar ventillation caused by airway obstruction, chest wall restriction. causes incr. in PaCO2

Back 4

Hypoventilation

Front 5

is the state of breathing faster and/or deeper than normal (incr. alveolar ventilation produced by anxiety, head injury, or severe hypoxemia. causes decr. PaCO2)

Back 5

hyperventilation

Front 6

protective reflex that expels secretions and irritants from the lower airways

Back 6

coughing

Front 7

coughing of bloody mucus, which can be caused by bronchitis, tuberculosis, etc.

Back 7

hemoptysis

Front 8

bluish discoloration of the skin caused by desaturation of hemoglobin, polycythemia, or peripheral vasoconstriction

Back 8

cyanosis

Front 9

deficient oxygen in the blood

Back 9

hypoxemia

Front 10

excess H2O in the lung caused by disturbances of capillary hydrostatic pressure. common cause is left heart failure

Back 10

pulmonary edema

Front 11

the collapse of alveoli resulting from compression of lung tissue or absorption of gas from obstructed alveoli

Back 11

atelectasis

Front 12

persistent abnormal dilation of the bronchi

Back 12

bronchiectasis


ectasis means stretching

Front 13

accumulation of air in the pleural space. can be caused by spontaneous rupture of weakened areas of pleura

Back 13

pneumothorax

Front 14

excess fluid that accumulates in the pleura, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs.

Back 14

pleural effusion

Front 15

presence of pus in pleural space

Back 15

empyema

Front 16

inflammation of the pleura

Back 16

pleurisy

Front 17

an excessive amount of connective tissue in the lung, it diminishes lung compliance

Back 17

pulmonary fibrosis

Front 18

results from rib or sternal fractures that disrupt the mechanics of breathing

Back 18

flail chest

Front 19

inhalation of noxios gases or prolonged exposure to high conc. of O2 can damage the

Back 19

bronchial mucosa/ alveolocapillary membrane and cause inflammation or acute respiratory failure

Front 20

caused by inhalation of dust particles in the workplace, can cause pulmonary fibrosis, lower airway infection, tumor formation

Back 20

pneumoconiosis

Front 21

an allergic or hypersensitivity reaction to many allergens

Back 21

allergic alveolitis

Front 22

inflammatory obstruction of small airways, it is most common in children

Back 22

bronchiolitis

Front 23

is a life-threatening lung condition that prevents enough oxygen from getting into the blood

Back 23

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Front 24

most common in surgical patients who smoke or have chronic disease

Back 24

postoperative respiratory failure

Front 25

characterized by airway obstruction that causes difficult to breathe

Back 25

obstructive pulmonary disease

Front 26

obstruction is cause by episodic attacks of bronchospasm, bronchial inflammation, mucosal edema, and incr. mucus production this occurs in?

Back 26

asthma

Front 27

these infections are the most common cause of short-term disability in the U.S., include pneumonia, and rhinitis (common cold), pharyngitis, laryngitis

Back 27

upper respiratory tract infections

Front 28

infections occur most often in very old individuals include pneumonia and tuberculosis

Back 28

serious lower respiratory infections

Front 29

lung infection caused by streptococcus pneumoniae

Back 29

pneumococcal pneumonia

Front 30

commonly known as the flu, an infectious disease caused by RNA viruses, affects birds and mammals

Back 30

influenza virus

Front 31

lung infection caused by mycobaterium tuberculosis

Back 31

tuberculosis

Front 32

any condition that effects the blood circulation in the lungs; caused by embolism or hypertension in pulmonary circulation

Back 32

pulmonary vascular diseases

Front 33

right ventricular enlargement caused by chronic pulmonary hypertension

Back 33

cor pulmonale

Front 34

type of cancer that represents 1% of all cancers, most common in men

Back 34

lip cancer

Front 35

what cancer has squamous cell carcinoma of the true vocal cords and presents of progressive hoarseness

Back 35

laryngeal cancer

Front 36

most common cause of cancer death in the U.S. caused mostly by cigarette smoking

Back 36

lung cancer