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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Amastia
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No Boobs
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Polymastia
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Extra Boob
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Polythelia
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Extra Nipple
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Mastitis
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Breast inflammation usually in lactating women
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Fibrocystic changes
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palpable nodules; small cysts and a stringlike consistency of brearst tissue.
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Fibroadenoma
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most common benign tumor of the female breast especially in young women.
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Risk factors for Breast cancer
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1. nullipara
2. First child after age of 30 3. Obesity 4. Estrogen therapy 5. Early menses and late menopause |
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Nullipara
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No children, ever
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Where does mestasis occur
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The axillary lymphatics
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Where does breast cancer occur
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upper outer quadrant
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What does breast cancer cause
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nipple retraction and skin puckering
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Where is the pituitary gland located
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Selca turcica
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When does gigantism occur
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Prepubertally
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When does acromegally occur
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postpubertally with somatotrophic adenomas
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glactorrhea
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extraa lactation from boobs
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What is caused by Diabetes insipidus
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Lack of ADH with resulting polyura
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Graves Disease
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Autoimmune hyperthyroidism with exophthalmos (bulging eyes)
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Causes of Hyppthyroidism
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1. Aplasia
2. Thyrdoiditis 3. Iatrogenic and iodine deficiency |
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Cretinism
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1. Decreased thyroid in prenatal dwarf
2. retardation 3. Dystrophy of bones 4. Low BMR |
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aplasia
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no organ
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iatrogenic
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doctor
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Myxedema
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1. Decreased thyroid in adults
2. Dry skin 3. welling face 4. mental deterioration 5. Low BMR |
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What is PTH secretion stimulated by
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Low blood calcium levels
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Hyperparathyroidism
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Primary is usally due to benign adenoma and involves one gland but if hyperplasia it will involve all four glands
Secondary- related to chronic renal failure |
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Adrenal medulla is controlled by
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Inpute from teh sympathetic ns and secretes epinephrine (adrenaline)
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Important glucocorticoid
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Cortisone and is a potent antinflammatory
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Cushing Syndromes
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hypercortisolism; usually due to exogenous steriod treatment. Symptoms: moon face and buffal hump
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hirutism
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excess hair on face and body
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adrenogenital syndrome
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results in virilization of femail neonates and early puberty in boys
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Addisons disease
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adrenal insufficiency;
1. weakness 2. Low BP 3. Hyperpigmentation 4. Fainting |
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What damages DNA
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Direct injury from radiation
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what is more sensitive to radiation changes
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cells that divide a lot
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abrasion
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scrape
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contusion
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bruise
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hematoma
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swelling
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incision
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cut
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laceration
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jagged cut
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Burns
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1st degree: erythema and edema
2nd degree: blisters 3rd degree- extend 2 subcutaneous level or further, may require skin grafts |
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Cause death: Rule of nines
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Burns that exceed 9% of body are serious
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frostbite
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Exposure to subfreeezing temp casues crystallization of tissue fluids. When rewarmed tissue become blotchy red and swollen; necrotic tissue may impair healing
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trenchfoot
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prolonged exposure to non-freesing cold and moist environment,. Cappillarys permeability is dilated. Necrosis, blisters and uslerc exist.
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hyperthermia
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high blood temp
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rhabdomyolysis
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skeletal muscle destroyed
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kwashiorkor
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protein malnutrition that is severe in kids
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marasmus
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kids wasting away
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glossitis
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inflamed tongue
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cheilosis
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lip disorder
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keratomalacia
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ulcer and soft cornea
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xerophtalmia
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dry, thick conjunctiva
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koilonychia
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nail deformed
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minamata disease
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disorder mercury in seafood
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Fracture Types- 8
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1. Simple-closed fracture
2. Comminuted-bone splintered 3. Impacted- bone fragment in another 4. Incomplete- continuity of bone not all destroyed 5. Greenstick- One side broke, one bent 6. Stress- Fine hairline fractures 7. Compound- open fracture and skin 8. Pathologic- due to weakening of bones |
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Vitamin C deficiency
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scurvy
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Niacin deficiency
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Pellegra 3 D's
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B12 deficiency
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lack of intrinsic factor and leads to pernicious anemia with folate deficiency
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Folate
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lack of can lead to neural tube defects
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Vitamin K deficiency
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leads to diminished clotting factor activity
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Vitamin D
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lack of can lead to osteomalacia
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osteomalacia
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bone loss adults
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Ricketts or Rosary
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Inadequate mineralization of bone and ccartilage at growth plate in kids
Prominence of costochondral junction in kids |
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Iron deficiency
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leads to anemia or koilonychia
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S/S of Meniere's
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Idiopathic, affects 40-60 year olds, vertigo, low frequency hearing loss, tinnutus.
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Tinnutus
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noise in ear
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Causes of vertigo
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trauma, neuroma, post infection
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Cause of conductive hearing loss
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obstruction, otosclerosis, ruptured TM
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presbycusis
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old age, hearing loss
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vertigo
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dizzy
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cholesteatoma
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tumor in ear and mastoid
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glue ear
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kids tubes
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otosclerosis
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hearing loss
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otitis media
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ear infection
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Sclera
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outer layer, white tissue, transparent
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choroid
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vascular layer, ciliary body secretes fluid and muscles change shape lens, iris is color of eye
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Retina
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Pigemented cells restrict lite
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Cause of keratitis
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herpes virus infection cornea vesicles
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Allergic conjunctivitis
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Type I hypersensitivity
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Most common cause of cataracts
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trauma; itis, diabetes
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retinoblastoma
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kids tumor
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melanoma
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adult eye trumor
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myopia
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near sighted
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hyperopia
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farsighted
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astigmatism
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blurry
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presbycusis
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old age hearing loss
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Ricketts
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inadequate mineralization of bone and cartilage at growth plate.
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