Pathophysiology Of Swallowing In Infants And Adults

Front 1

Oral phase

Back 1

Oral-phase disorders affecting the oral preparatory and oral propulsive phases usually result from impaired control of the tongue. Patients may have difficulty chewing solid food and initiating swallows

Front 2

Oral Phase swallowing symptoms

Back 2

*Cannot hold food in the mouth anteriorly due to reduced lip closure
*Cannot form a bolus or residue on the floor of the mouth due to reduced range of tongue motion or coordination
*Cannot hold a bolus due to reduced tongue shaping and coordination
*Unable to align teeth due to reduced mandibular movement
*Food material falls into anterior sulcus or residue in the anterior sulcus due to reduced labial tension or tone.

Front 3

Pharyngeal phase

Back 3

If pharyngeal clearance is impaired severely, a patient may be unable to ingest sufficient amounts of food and drink to sustain life

Front 4

Pharyngeal Phase Swallowing Symptoms

Back 4

*Delayed pharyngeal swallow
*Nasal penetration during swallow due to reduced velopharyngeal closure
*Pseudoepiglottis (after total laryngectomy) - Fold of mucosa at the base of the tongue
*Cervical osteophytes
*Coating of pharyngeal walls after the swallow due to reduced pharyngeal contraction bilaterally

Front 5

Esophageal phase

Back 5

Impaired esophageal function can result in retention of food and liquid in the esophagus after swallowing. This retention may result from mechanical obstruction, motility disorder, or impaired opening of the lower esophageal sphincter.

Front 6

Causes of feeding and swallowing problems

Back 6

Prematurity
Cerebral palsy
Autism
Respiratory difficulties

Front 7

Typical symptoms Children with feeding and swallowing problems of

Back 7

Poor feeding
Difficulty chewing
Difficulty breast feeding Refusing food or liquid
Gagging
Vomiting during meals

Front 8

If you suspect that your child is having difficulty eating you should,

Back 8

contact your pediatrician right away

Front 9

The feeding team may involve

Back 9

SLP
occupational therapist physical therapist
physician or nurse
dietitian

Front 10

Possible recommendations by feeding team after evaluation

Back 10

*Nutritional changes Postural or positioning changes (different seating, etc.) *Behavior management techniques
*Desensitization to new foods or textures
*Food temperature and texture changes

Front 11

It has been estimated that as many as ___% of all children may manifest some type of nonspecified feeding difficulties.

Back 11

25%

Front 12

Difficulty swallowing may mean it take less time and effort to move food or liquid from the mouth to the stomach

Back 12

False

Front 13

The disorders can occur at any stage of the normal swallowing process, in which food and liquid move from the mouth, through the pharynx, into the esophagus, and finally, into the _______.

Back 13

Stomach

Front 14

Children with feeding and swallowing problems present with a wide variety of symptoms, depending on the ______ and _______ of their disorder.

Back 14

nature and cause

Front 15

_________ involves having your child eat and drink foods and liquids mixed with barium while watching them on an x-ray.

Back 15

Instrumental Assessment

Front 16

silent aspiration is a particularly insidious manifestation of the ______ in infants or neurologically abnormal older children.

Back 16

motor disorders

Front 17

Oral Pharyngeal is the act of swallowing in which a food or liquid bolus is transported from the mouth through the pharynx and esophagus into

Back 17

True/ False

Front 18

The newborn human infant requires the normal structure, function, and maturation of the _______ organs.

Back 18

oropharyngo-esophageal

Front 19

Deglutition is another term for

Back 19

swallowing

Front 20

There are five stages in which th act of swallowing in a food or liquid bolus is transported

Back 20

True/False

Front 21

Infants and children with feeding and swallowing problems is a single group, ranging from premature teenagers to adults

Back 21

True/False

Front 22

Infancy is the time during which ______ of these organs or effects of in utero11or neonatal exposures12usually become evident.

Back 22

congenital abnormalities

Front 23

When _______ prevents the appropriate caudal movement of ingested material, the material's retrograde movement may result in _______.

Back 23

esophogeal dysmotility, regurgitation.

Front 24

Radiographic Procedures include

Back 24

Chest X-Ray and Routine Barium Fluoroscopy

Front 25

________ typically appears in older children with dysphagia as the predominant symptom; when it occurs in younger children, vomiting (regurgitation) is often the primary symptom.

Back 25

Achalasia