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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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brain
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2 % of the body wt
uses 15 % of the total CO consumes 20 % of the total available O2 |
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blood supply
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determined by the metabolic activity
gray matter > white matter |
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neurons in the ??? are more vulunerable to hypoxia
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1) hippocampus
2) cerebellar cortice 3) cerebral cortice |
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total cerebral blood flow
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750 ml/min
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total CBF supplied by?
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2 internal carotid arteries and 1 basilar artery
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total intracranial blood volume
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100-150 ml at any given time
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intracranial circulating pool turns over?
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5-7 times/min
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average CBF
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55 ml/100mg of brain tissue/min
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CBF less than 30-35 ml/100mg/min
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ischemia
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CBF less than 20 ml/100mg/min
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infarction
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CBF less than 15 ml/100mg/min
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massive infarction
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CBF regulation
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auto-regulated by local met. factors with [CO2], [H], and [O2]
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blood brain barrier
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barrier between the intravascular space and the brain
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nervous system
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1) central nervous system
2) peripheral nervous system |
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CNS
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brain & spinal cord
integrative & control centers |
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PNS
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cranial & spinal nerves
communication lines bet. the CNS & the rest of the body *All nerves (100 %) are part of PNS |
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sensory division
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= afferent
somtaic & visceral sensory nerve fibers conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS |
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motor division
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= efferent
motor nerve fibers conducts impulses from the CNS to effectors (muscles & glands) |
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motor division devides to?
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autonomic nervous system & somatic nervous system
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ANS devides to?
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sympathetic and para-sympatheic
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ANS
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involuntary (visceral motor)
conducts impulses from the CNS to cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, and glands |
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somatic nervous system
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voluntary (somatic motor)
conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles |
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sympathetic nervous system
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mobilizes body systems during emergency situations
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parasympathetic nervous system
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conserves energy
promotes nonemergency functions |
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impulse transmission within neuron
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only one way direction
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axodendritic synapses
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axon-dendrite
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axosomatic synapses
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axon-body
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axoaxonic synapses
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axon-axon
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cell types of CNS
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1) astrocytes
2) oligodendrocytes 3) microglia 4) ependymal cells |
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cell types of PNS
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1) satellite cells
2) Schwann cells |
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astrocytes
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maintain BBB
structural support regulate ion, nutrient, & dissolved gas [ ] absorb & recycle neurotransmitters form scar tissue after injury |
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oligodendrocytes
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myelinate CNS axons
structural framework |
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microglia
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remove cell debris, wastes, & pathogens by phagocytosis
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ependymal cells
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line ventricles (brain) & central canal (spinal cavity)
assist in producing, circulating, & monitoring of CSF have cilia |
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satellite cells
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surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia
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Schwann cells
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surround all axons in PNS
resp. for myelination of peripheral axons participate in repair process after injury |
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connective tissue membranes
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1) dura matter (superficial)
2) arachnoid matter 3) pia matter (bound tightly to brain) |
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subdural space
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serous fluid
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subarachnoid space
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CSF
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lateral sulcus
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Sylvian sulcus
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gray matter (cortex)
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contains bodies of neurons
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white matter
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contains axons of neurons
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lymbic system
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consists on the entire neuronal circuitry that controls emotional behavior & motivational drives
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lymbic system
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a collection of interconnected but not contiguous structures in the telencephalon, diencephalon, and brain stem
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telencephalon
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cingulate gyrus
septal area parahippocampal gyrus |
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ventricles
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lateral ventricles (2)
third ventricle fourth ventricle |
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choroid plexuses
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produce CSF
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blood-CSF barrier
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substances do not pass bet. cells but through due to tight junctions of blood endothelial cells
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CSF
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similar to serum with most proteins removed
provides some nutrients to CNS tissues produced by ependymal cells |
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CSF reabsorbed at?
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arachonoid villus
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stimulus
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change in environment
1) reception 2) analysis 3) comparison with other data already stored |
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neurons
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will never go under mitosis
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