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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some beneficial actions of normal flora?
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Prevent colonization with pathogens (bacteriocins, colicins); make metabolites (vit K and Bs)
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How can normal flora cause infection?
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Leaving their sites from injury, or if the immune/inflammatory systems are compromised
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What are the stages of infection?
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Colonization, invasion, multiplication, spread
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Define colonization
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Pathogens present on/in the body without tissue invasion
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Define invasion
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Pathogen resists host defences, attaches to host cells through adhesion molecules and receptors
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Define multiplication
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Using host nutrients and environment, or host cell organelles, for reproduction
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Define spread
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Pathogen migrates locally or through bloodstream and lymphatics
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What are factors for infection?
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Mechanism of action, infectivity, pathogenicity, virulence, immunogenicity, toxigenicity, portal of entry
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What are some mechanisms of action?
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Direct damage of cells, interference with cellular metabolism, rendering a cell dysfunctional with accumulation of pathogenic substances and toxin production
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What is infectivity
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Ability of a pathogen to invade and multiply in the host
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What is virulence
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# microorganisms or mcgs of toxin needed to kill a host. Measles low, rabies high.
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What is immunogenicity
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Ability of pathogens to produce an immune response
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What is toxigenicity
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Ability to produce disease by production of a soluble toxin
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What is portal of entry
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The route: contact, inhalation, ingestion, bites
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What are the classes of infectious microorganisms?
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Viruses, chlamydia, rickettsia, mycoplasma, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, helminths
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