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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Body water is essential for two reasons:
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1. It is the medium in which all metabolic reactions occur. 2. The body's health depends on precsise regulation of the vol. & composition of this fluid.
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Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
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Fluid found inside all body cells. Accounts for 40% of TBW
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Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
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Fluid found outside the cells. This includes the Intravascular & Interstitial compartments. Accounts for 20% TBW
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Interstitial Fluid (IF)
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Extracellular fluid between the cells & outside the vascular bed (i.e., connective tissue, cartilage & bone) 15% TBW
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How does the body keep the volume of fluid stable?
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Osmosis, Diffusion & Mediated Transport Mechanisms
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Semipermeable Membranes
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Membranes that regulate the flow of solutes on the basis of size, shape, electrical charge or other chemical properties.
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Osmosis
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The flow of fluid across a semipermeable membrane which moves into a higher solute concentration from a lower.
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Partial Pressure
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With gases, the driving force of Osmosis is partial pressure of dissolved gases.
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Osmotic Pressure
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The sum of the Partial Pressure.
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Hypertonic Solution
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Solution that has a higher solute concentration & lower water concetration than that inside the cell.
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Hypotonic
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A solution that has a lower solute concentration & a higher water conentration than that inside the cell.
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Isotonic
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Solutions that have NO NET movement of water molecules.
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Diffusion
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A passive process of constant, random motion of aton, ions, or molecules that move from higer concentration to area of lower concentration.
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Concentration Gradient
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When the concentration of a solute is greater at point than at another point, a concentration gradient exists.
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Mediated Transport Mechanisms
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Required to move large, water or electrically charged soluble across the cell membranes.
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Carrier Molecules
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Proteins that combine with solute molecules on one side of membrane, change shape, pass thru membrane & release molecule on other side
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Two types of Carrier-Mediated Transport
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Active Transport & Facilitated Diffusion
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Active Transport
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Moves substance AGAINST a concentration gradient. Must expend energy to work againd gradient. Occurs @ faster rate than diffusion
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Facilitated Diffusion
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Moves substance in & out of cells from area of higer concentration to area of lower concentration.
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Edema
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A problem of fluid distribution, Edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces.
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Mechanisms most often responsible for Edema
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1. Increased Hydrostatic Pressure
2. Decrease in the plasma oncotic pressure 3. Increase in Capillary permeability 4. Lymphatic obstruction |
