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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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COPD- umbrella term for??
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many breathing disorders such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema
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Hypercapnia
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increased CO2
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Hypoxemia
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decreased O2
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Hypoxia
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decreased
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Pulmonary Edema S/S
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HALLMARK- PINK FROTHY SPUTUM
dyspnea, orthopnea, hypoxemia, crackles with breath (using stethoscope), S3 gallop (heart murmur, floppy left ventrical), hypercapnia |
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Pulmonary Edema- problem inhaling or exhaling?
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inhaling
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COPD- problem inhaling or exhaling?
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exhaling
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COPD S/S
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HALLMARK- DYSPNEA AND WHEEZING
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V/Q= ?
mismatch? |
V/Q = ratio of air in the lungs to blood in the lungs
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Asthma defn.
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chronic inflammation of airways
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Asthma causes
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smoke, allergens, genetics
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How to monitor or deal with asthma
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peak flow meter, avoid allergens, bronchodilators, fast acting inhalers
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status asthmaticus
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BAD, severe bronchospasm
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chronic bronchitis defn.
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hypersecretion of mucous and chronic productive cough for at least 3 months, 2 consecutive years
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causes of chronic bronchitis
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inspired irritants increase mucous production and the size/# of mucous glands- smokers, etc.
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emphysema defn.
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abnormal permanent emlargement of gas-exchange airways w/ destruction of alveolar walls and fibrosis, air sac destruction is permanent
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emphysema S/S
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HALLMARK- BARREL CHEST
dyspnea on exertion, little sputum, decrease cough, tachypnia |
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aspiration
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fluid and solid particles pass into the lungs
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atelectasis
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lungs are not fully inflated
compression- tumor, etc so lungs cannot expand absorption- |
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bronchiectasis
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persistent dilation, causes smooth muscle to weaken and airways can collapse anytime
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pleural effusion defn.
transudate vs. exudate |
excess fluid in pleural space
transudate= systemically caused (ie LVF) exudate = locally caused (ie bacteria) |
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hemothorax
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blood in pleural cavity
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pleurisy
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inflammation of pleural cavity causes sharp pain with inspiration
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empyema
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collection of pus in pleural cavity
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types of pneumonia
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community acquired- strep
hospital acquired pneumococcal viral |
